Lesion Local 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Oculomotor nerve

A

Originates in the midbrain
Innervates the dorsal, medial & lateral rectus & ventral oblique muscle
Provides parasympathetic innervation to internal ocular muscles (pupillary sphincter muscle)

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2
Q

Trochlear nerve

A

Originates in the midbrain
Originates from dorsal aspect of midbrain **
Innervates dorsal oblique muscle

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3
Q

Abducense nerve

A

Originates in medulla
Innervates lateral rectus and retractor bulbi

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4
Q

Cranial nerves for eyes

A

III, IV, VI

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5
Q

Ventrolateral strabismus

A

Caused by a lesion on the Occulomotor nerve

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6
Q

Rotational strabismus

A

Lesion on the trochlear nerve

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7
Q

Medial strabismus

A

A lesion localized to the abducens nerve

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8
Q

Afferent trigeminal

A

5th
Medial canthus or cornea = ophthalmic branch 5

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9
Q

Palpebral reflex

A

Corneal reflex
Efferent info - facial 7CN
Retractor bulbi = 6thCN
Assessing for blink and behavioral response

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10
Q

Facial nerve VII

A

Originates is medulla
Motor to muscles of facial expression
Sensory to the internal pinnae
Parasympathetic for lacrimal gland

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11
Q

assessing facial nerve

A

Lack of menace or palpebral
Facial dropping
Lack of sensation to inner pinnae
Neurogenic keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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12
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve VIII - sensory

A

Originates from medulla
Vestibular portion
Cochlear portion

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13
Q

Vestibular portion of VIIICN

A

Maintains posture & balance relative to the head, body and limbs
Detects acceleration and deceleration
Coordinates eye movement - normal eye position

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14
Q

Vestibular clinical signs

A

Abnormal posture
Vestibular ataxia
Strabismus
Nystagmus - abnormal eye movement

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15
Q

Cranial nerves IX, X, XI

A

All originate from caudal medulla and share functions
Innervate oropharynx, larynxm, esophagus

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16
Q

Assessing the oropharynx

A

Gag reflex
Sensory - vagus nerve
Motor - glossopharyngeal & vagus nerve

17
Q

Assessing swallowing

A

Motor - shared by 9, 10 , 11
Sensory - largely 10

18
Q

Larynx assessment

A

Branch of vagus - recurrent laryngeal nerve

19
Q

Spinal accessory nerve

A

Assessing - atrophy of trapezius

20
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

Most caudal from medulla
Movement of the tongue, check to nose licking after gag
Drinking water for assessment

21
Q

Grading cranial nerve reflexes

A

0 - absent response
1 - decreased response
2 - normal response

22
Q

Pathway for paw placement

A

Tip of toe
Through nerve of leg
Through dorsal nerve root
Through spinal cord
Synapse at the brainstem
Bypasses cerebellum
Through thalamus (may or may not synapse)
To cerebrum

23
Q

A pure cerebellar lesions should

A

Not interfere with the paw placement assessment

24
Q

Hopping

A

Forebrain lesions can often have normal to mildly delayed hopping, but absent paw placement
Cerebellar lesions can have normal paw placement but absent hopping
Brain stem and spinal cord lesions generally have delayed to absent hopping and paw placement

25
Q

Grading proprioception

A

0- absent response
1 - delayed response
2 - normal response

26
Q

Tests for proprioception

A

Paw placement*
Hopping*
Wheelbarrowing
Extensor postural thrust
Hemiwalking
Blind table test

27
Q

When would wheelbarrowing be used?

A

When paw placement and hopping don’t reveal a suspected deficit
Neural pathway is similar to hopping
Assess with head up and head down - proprioception

28
Q

When head is up during wheelbarrowing what is more likely to be tested

A

Proprioception is more tested when the head is up, as the patient cannot compensate with vision

29
Q

When the head is down during wheelbarrowing what is being tested more

A

Strength is tested more than proprioception when the head is down, as it adds more weight

30
Q

Extensor postural thrust

A

Animal must be non-weight bearing, then lightly rest pelvic limbs on floor - normal response is to slide feet backwards trying to gain traction