Lesion Local 3

Question 1

Oculomotor nerve

Answer 1

Originates in the midbrain
Innervates the dorsal, medial & lateral rectus & ventral oblique muscle
Provides parasympathetic innervation to internal ocular muscles (pupillary sphincter muscle)

Question 2

Trochlear nerve

Answer 2

Originates in the midbrain
Originates from dorsal aspect of midbrain **
Innervates dorsal oblique muscle

Question 3

Abducense nerve

Answer 3

Originates in medulla
Innervates lateral rectus and retractor bulbi

Question 4

Cranial nerves for eyes

Answer 4

III, IV, VI

Question 5

Ventrolateral strabismus

Answer 5

Caused by a lesion on the Occulomotor nerve

Question 6

Rotational strabismus

Answer 6

Lesion on the trochlear nerve

Question 7

Medial strabismus

Answer 7

A lesion localized to the abducens nerve

Question 8

Afferent trigeminal

Answer 8

5th
Medial canthus or cornea = ophthalmic branch 5

Question 9

Palpebral reflex

Answer 9

Corneal reflex
Efferent info - facial 7CN
Retractor bulbi = 6thCN
Assessing for blink and behavioral response

Question 10

Facial nerve VII

Answer 10

Originates is medulla
Motor to muscles of facial expression
Sensory to the internal pinnae
Parasympathetic for lacrimal gland

Question 11

assessing facial nerve

Answer 11

Lack of menace or palpebral
Facial dropping
Lack of sensation to inner pinnae
Neurogenic keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Question 12

Vestibulocochlear nerve VIII - sensory

Answer 12

Originates from medulla
Vestibular portion
Cochlear portion

Question 13

Vestibular portion of VIIICN

Answer 13

Maintains posture & balance relative to the head, body and limbs
Detects acceleration and deceleration
Coordinates eye movement - normal eye position

Question 14

Vestibular clinical signs

Answer 14

Abnormal posture
Vestibular ataxia
Strabismus
Nystagmus - abnormal eye movement

Question 15

Cranial nerves IX, X, XI

Answer 15

All originate from caudal medulla and share functions
Innervate oropharynx, larynxm, esophagus

Question 16

Assessing the oropharynx

Answer 16

Gag reflex
Sensory - vagus nerve
Motor - glossopharyngeal & vagus nerve

Question 17

Assessing swallowing

Answer 17

Motor - shared by 9, 10 , 11
Sensory - largely 10

Question 18

Larynx assessment

Answer 18

Branch of vagus - recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 19

Spinal accessory nerve

Answer 19

Assessing - atrophy of trapezius

Question 20

Hypoglossal nerve

Answer 20

Most caudal from medulla
Movement of the tongue, check to nose licking after gag
Drinking water for assessment

Question 21

Grading cranial nerve reflexes

Answer 21

0 - absent response
1 - decreased response
2 - normal response

Question 22

Pathway for paw placement

Answer 22

Tip of toe
Through nerve of leg
Through dorsal nerve root
Through spinal cord
Synapse at the brainstem
Bypasses cerebellum
Through thalamus (may or may not synapse)
To cerebrum

Question 23

A pure cerebellar lesions should

Answer 23

Not interfere with the paw placement assessment

Question 24

Hopping

Answer 24

Forebrain lesions can often have normal to mildly delayed hopping, but absent paw placement
Cerebellar lesions can have normal paw placement but absent hopping
Brain stem and spinal cord lesions generally have delayed to absent hopping and paw placement

Question 25

Grading proprioception

Answer 25

0- absent response 1 - delayed response 2 - normal response

Question 26

Tests for proprioception

Answer 26

Paw placement* Hopping* Wheelbarrowing Extensor postural thrust Hemiwalking Blind table test

Question 27

When would wheelbarrowing be used?

Answer 27

When paw placement and hopping don’t reveal a suspected deficit Neural pathway is similar to hopping Assess with head up and head down - proprioception

Question 28

When head is up during wheelbarrowing what is more likely to be tested

Answer 28

Proprioception is more tested when the head is up, as the patient cannot compensate with vision

Question 29

When the head is down during wheelbarrowing what is being tested more

Answer 29

Strength is tested more than proprioception when the head is down, as it adds more weight

Question 30

Extensor postural thrust

Answer 30

Animal must be non-weight bearing, then lightly rest pelvic limbs on floor - normal response is to slide feet backwards trying to gain traction