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SS - Exam 1 > Neuro Exam - Horses > Flashcards

Neuro Exam - Horses Flashcards

1
Q

!! Clinical signs

A

Dullness
Behavioral alterations
Head tilt
Circling
Stumbling/falling
In coordination
Recumbency

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2
Q

Examination sequence

A

Signalment
History
Physical exam
Neuro exam

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3
Q

Evaluation of head

A

Mentation
Posture
Coordination
Cranial nerves

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4
Q

Mentation

A

Alert
Reduced - dull, Stuporous, comatose
Increased - hyperesthetic, aggressive

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5
Q

Testing cranial nerves

A

Normal (2/2)
Reduced (1/2)
Absent (0/2)

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6
Q

Menace reflex

A

Sensory (CN II)
Motor (CN VII)

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7
Q

Pupillary light reflex

A

Sensory (CN II)
Motor (CN III)

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8
Q

Strabismus

A

Abnormal eye position
CN III
CN IV
CN VI

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9
Q

Cranial nerve V - sensory

A

Ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular branch

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10
Q

CN V - motor

A

Integrity of masseter muscle
Jaw tone

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11
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A

Motor is expressed through
Eyes
Eyelids
Nostrils
Lips
Facial symmetry

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12
Q

CN VIII

A

Circling
Head tilt
Leaning/falling
Nystagmus

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13
Q

Nystagmus

A

Rapid eye movement
Normal vestibular nystagmus
Pathologic nystagmus

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14
Q

Pathologic nystagmus

A

Occurrence - spontaneous, positional
Direction - vertical, horizontal, rotary

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15
Q

CN IX, X

A

Swallowing
Endoscopic exam of larynx

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16
Q

CN XII

A

Strength of tongue
Atrophy of tongue

17
Q

Evaluating gait

A

Walk, trot, back, circle
Defects- ataxia, paresis, dysmetria

18
Q

Withers pressure /loin pressure

A

Pressure applied to withers to detect weakness in thoracic limb
Pressure applied to loin region to detect weakness in pelvic limbs

19
Q

Tail pull

A

Pull left or right at walk when cooresponding pelvic limb is on the ground
Weak is suspected when there is decreased resistance to tail pull
Ataxia of pelvic limb is suspected when proprioceptive deficits are noted after the tail is released

20
Q

Sway reaction

A

Lateral push to shoulder or hip
Weakness is suspected with reduced resistance to lateral pressure
Weakness or ataxia are suspected by abnormal hoof placement tripping or stumbling

21
Q

Conscious proprioception

A

Knuckling
Abduction of limbs
Crossing of limbs front and back

22
Q

Segmental evaluation

A

Neck, front limbs, trunk, rear limbs and anus should be examined for
Muscle atrophy
Altered sensation
Altered reflexes
Focal sweating

23
Q

Local reflexes

A

Cervical reflex
Cervical-facial reflex
Panniculus reflex
Perineal reflex

24
Q

Laryngeal adductor response

A

Slap test
Tests integrity of cervical spinal cord
Nucleus of CN X
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Slap to withers, adduction /abduction of contralateral arytenoid cartilage

25
Q

Localizing lesions

A

Region then section

SS - Exam 1 (33 decks)

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