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SS - Exam 1 > Neuropathology 3 > Flashcards

Neuropathology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Non-infectious /immune mediated

A

Granulomatous meningoencephalitis
Necrotizing encephalitis
Necrotizing leukoencephalitis

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2
Q

Granulomatous meningoencephalitis

A

GME
Angiocentric gran inflammation
Can lead to necrosis & loss of neuropil, asymmetrical

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3
Q

Necrotizing encephalitis

A

NME
Pug dog encephalitis, affects many small breed dogs
Asymmetrical acute encephalitis or chronic foci of necrosis & collapse

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4
Q

Necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE)

A

Most common in Yorkshire terriers
Lesions primarily in white matter

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5
Q

Traumatic injury = primary

A

Sheer force causes destruction of neurons /other cell types
Mechanical disruption of vessels leads to local hemorrhage & edema

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6
Q

Traumatic injury = secondary

A

Disruption of cerebral blood flow leads to catecholamine release
^^ BP = global edema, follows resulting in necrosis /more edema
If edema is expensive, cerebellum can herniate through foramen magnum

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7
Q

Coning of the cerebellum

A

Caudal herniation of brain

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8
Q

Traumatic spinal cord injury - intramedullary comp

A

Hemorrhage
Neoplasia
Expansile inflammatory disease

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9
Q

Traumatic spinal cord injury - extramedullary comp

A

Intervertebral disc herniation
Cervical stenotic myelopathy
Atlanto-axial malformation
Vertebral fractures
Extramedullary neoplasia
Synovial cysts

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10
Q

Cervical stenotic myelopathy

A

“Wobbler syndrome”
Stenosis of cervical vertebral canal
Horses & large dog breeds
Static stenosis in 1-4 old due at acquired narrowing of canal (compression occurs C5-7)
Dynamic stenosis <18 months due to vertebral instability (compression occurs during flexion of neck, C3-5)

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11
Q

Intervertebral disc disease

A

Complex multi factorial disease - in dogs, discs rupture in thoracolumbar vertebrae
Herniation results in spinal cord compression and rear limb paralysis

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12
Q

Chondroid metaplasia

A
  • chondrodystrophic breeds (dach/pekingese)
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13
Q

Fibroid metaplasia

A

Non-chondrodystrophic breeds

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14
Q

Type I herniation

A

Acute
Chondroid degeneration —> rupture of annulus fibrosus -> extrusion of nucleus palposus

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15
Q

Type II herniation

A

Chronic
Fibroid metaplasia of IVD -> protrusion into spinal canal

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16
Q

Neoplastic

A

50% of brain tumor are primary (originate from neural tissue)
2-5% of all cancers in the dog = primary intracranial neoplasia
All tumors behave as space -occupying masses
Anatomic location may help in diagnosis

17
Q

Demarcation for neoplastic tumors- gliomas

A

Gliomas - astrocytomas & oligodendrogliomas tend to blend in with adjacent tissue, oilgo have gelatinous consistency

18
Q

Demarcation of choroid plexus

A

Choroid plexus tumors & ependymomas are located in/adjacent to ventricle - choroid plexus tumors are more vascular

19
Q

Demarcation of meningiomas

A

Meningiomas line the meninges

20
Q

Astrocytoma

A

Neoplastic cells of origin are astrocytes

21
Q

Choroid plexus tumors

A

Arise from choroid plexus
(Responsible for producing CSF)

22
Q

Meningioma

A

Cell of origin - Meningeal fibroblast

23
Q

Ependymoma

A

Arise from ependymal cells that line the ventricles

24
Q

Spinal cord neoplasms

A

Peripheral nerve sheath tumor - benign & malignant forms

25
Q

Nephroblastomas

A

“Thoracolumbar spinal cord tumor of dogs”
Ectopic, located between T9 & L3
Large breed dogs
Usually 5-48months

26
Q

Degenerative

A

Bilateral, symmetrical but no gross lesions
Many breed specific diseases
Diagnosis is based on the nature & distribution of the lesions, knowledge of breed disorders, exclusion of metabolic/toxic diseases

27
Q

Major patterns of degeneration

A

Loss on neurons/axons/myelin
Pallor of white matter
Spongy state
Intracellular storage
Malacia

28
Q

Lysosomal storage diseases

A

Congenital defect
Loss of lysosomal hydrolase enzyme activity
Molecules that cannot be degraded accumulate in the lysosomes
Storage diseases are named based on the accumulated products /locations

29
Q

Degenerative myelopathy

A

SS - Exam 1 (33 decks)

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