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SS - Exam 1 > CN Peripheral Distribution > Flashcards

CN Peripheral Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

CN I function & associated foramen of skull

A

Olfactory nerve
Special sensory - smell
Cribriform plate

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2
Q

CN I Located in periphery

A

Neuronal cell bodies in the mucosa of caudal nasal cavity (ethmoid concha) & vomeronasal organ
Axons pass through Cribriform plate to olfactory bulb

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3
Q

CN I Location in dissection

A

Nerve is not seen. Ethmoid turbinates are seen in the caudal nasal cavity & vomeronasal organ is seen on transverse section of rostral nose on dorsal hard palate

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4
Q

CN I
Test CN function
Describe function of CN

A

Response to smelly substances
Loss of smell

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5
Q

CN II Function
Associated foramen in skull

A

Optic nerve
Special sensory - sight
Optic canal

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6
Q

CN II - Location in periphery

A

Optic nerve is located within the periorbita deep to the slips of the retractor bulbi muscle. The optic disc is present on the retina on the internal surface of caudal ocular globe

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7
Q

CN II -Location in dissection

A

Optic nerve is seen within the periobita deep to the slips of the retractor bulbi muscle. The optic disk is seen on the retina on the internal surface of the caudal ocular globe

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8
Q

CN II -
Test CN function
Describe dysfunction of CN

A

Ability to track an object tossed in sight line
PLR, menace response
Blind, no PLR, no menace response

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9
Q

PLR test

A
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10
Q

Menace response

A
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11
Q

CN III function, foramen in skull

A

Oculomotor nerve
Somatic motor, parasymapthetic

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12
Q

Somatic motor - CN III

A

Rectus muscle - dorsal, ventral, medial
Ventral oblique muscle
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

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13
Q

Parasympathetic motor - CN III

A

Iris constrictor muscle
- pupil constriction (miosis)
Ciliary body
- lens accommodation for near vision

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14
Q

CN III - associated foramen in skull

A

Orbital fissure
Foramen orbitorotundum - ox

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15
Q

CN III - location in periphery

A

Oculomotor nerve is located within periorbita, deep to the retractor bulbi muscle & ventral to the optic nerve
Ciliary ganglion (parasympathetic ganglion of CN III) is located along the Oculomotor nerve ventral to optic nerve

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16
Q

CN III - location in dissection

A

The ciliary ganglion can be seen ventral to the optic nerve

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17
Q

CN III - testing function

A

Assess the globe for normal position & movement; look for ventral lateral strabismus.
PLR - the parasympathetic component of CN II is efferent nerve. Intact PLR’s indicate intact Oculomotor nerve

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18
Q

CN III - signs of dysfunction

A

Ventrolateral strabismus
Dilated pupil

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19
Q

CN IV - function, foramen of skull

A

Trochlear nerve
Somatic motor - dorsal oblique muscle

Orbital fissure
Foramen orbitorotundum - ruminant

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20
Q

CN IV - location in periphery
Location in dissection

A

Trochlear nerve is located within the periorbita entering the dorsal oblique muscle
Nerve and muscle are both located medially within the periorbita and neither are typically seen

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21
Q

CN IV - testing function

A

Assess the globe for normal position and movement; look for rotation of globe (extorsion)

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22
Q

CN IV - signs of dysfunction

A

Rotation of globe so dorsal aspect of globe is rotated laterally (visible in animals w non-circular pupils, cat or small rum) visible on fundic evaluation of retinal vessels

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23
Q

CN V - name & branches

A

Trigeminal nerve
- ophthalmic nerve
- maxillary nerve
- mandibular nerve

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24
Q

CN V - function

A

Somatic motor - mandibular nerve
Regular sensory - ophthalmic, maxillary & mandibular n

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25
CN V - ophthalmic n branch function
Ophthalmic - regular sensory - nasal cavity - ocular globe - medial canthus /upper eyelid & orbit - Forehead
26
CN V - maxillary branch function
Maxillary branch - regular sensory - nose & nasal cavity - upper jaw, upper dental arcade - hard & soft palates - lateral canthus/lower eyelid & orbit
27
CN V - mandibular branch function (somatic)
Mandibular nerve - somatic motor - muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, pterygoids, rostral belly of digastricus) Mylohyoideus muscle
28
CN V - mandibular branch function (regular sensory)
Lower jaw, lower dental arcade - inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve Tongue, rostral 2/3 - lingual nerve Lateral face & ear - Auriculotemporal nerve
29
CN V - trigeminal & ophthalmic - foramen in skull
Trigeminal nerve - trigeminal foramen Ophthalmic nerve - orbital fissure, foramen orbitorotundum - ruminant -Supraorbital foramen is entrance of Supraorbital nerve (clin sign in horse)
30
CN V - maxillary branch foramen in skull
Round foramen, alar canal, rostral alar foramen - dog, EQ Round foramen - cat Foramen orbitorotundum - ruminant Other - infraorbital nerve - maxillary foramen, infraorbital canal, infraorbital foramen
31
CN V - mandibular nerve foramen association
Oval foramen Foramen lacerum - EQ Other - inferior alveolar nerve - mandibular foramen, mandibular canal Mental nerve - mental foramen
32
CN V - ophthalmic branch location in periphery
Within periorbita Within nasal cavity To medial & dorsal orbit To forehead - Supraorbital nerve To horn of small ruminants - cornual branch of infratrochlear nerve
33
CN V - maxillary nerve branch location in periphery
Within periorbita - zygomatic nerve To lateral and ventral orbit To horn - cornual branch of zygomaticotemporal nerve Within nasal cavity To upper jaw - infraorbital nerve, superior alveolar nerve
34
CN V - mandibular branch location in periphery
To lateral face & ear - Auriculotemporal nerve To muscles of mastication To lower jaw - inferior alveolar nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve To tongue - lingual nerve To skin and muscle of inter mandibular space - myelohyoid nerve
35
CN V - ophthalmic branch location in dissection
Branches are seen but not identified within periorbita Ophthalmic - nasocillary - infratrochlear n - cornual n (Small rum) In superficial dissection, seen passing from medial horn to medial canthus Frontal n - Supraorbital n - clin sign in horses -
36
clinical significance of Supraorbital nerve in horses
Branch provides sensory nerves to upper eyelid
37
CN V - maxillary branch location in lateral dissection
In deep dissection of lateral side of head Lateral surface of pterygoid muscle Maxillary n - zygomatic n - zygomaticotemoral n - cornual n in ruminants
38
CN V - maxillary location in superficial dissection
Seen crossing temporal line in ox, passing from lateral horn to caudal orbit Pterygopalatine - caudal nasal, major palatine, minor palatine Infraorbital - enters maxillary foramen contributes through infraorbital canal, exits the infraorbital foramen where its seen lateral on rostral maxilla
39
FYI zygomaticotemporal branch
zygomaticotemoral is branch of ophthalmic in horse
40
CN V - mandibular nerve location in superficial dissection
Auriculotemporal nerve emerges caudal to masseter muscle. Branch of Auriculotemporal often joins the dorsal Buccal branch of the facial nerve
41
CN V - mandibular location in deep dissection
On lateral surface of pterygoid muscle caudal to maxillary nerve. Branches to the muscles of mastication Buccal n travels rostrally to cheek Lingual, inferior alveolar enters the mandibular foramen, passes through the mandibular canal Inferior alveolar branch from inferior alveolar nerve within mandibular canal Mental - branches of inferior alveolar exit mental foramina on lateral aspect of chin Mylohyoid (most caudal)
42
CN V - testing function of ophthalmic branch
Afferent nerve of palpebral reflex - test for sensation of medial/upper eyelid, forehead Afferent nerve of corneal reflex - test for sensation of ocular globe
43
CN V - testing function of maxillary nerve
Afferent nerve of palpebral reflex - test for sensation of lateral canthus/lower eyelid. Test for sensation to skin of maxilla, nostrils, oral cavity by response to touch
44
CN V - testing function of mandibular nerve
Assess motor function of muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter) muscle atrophy, jaw tone, dropped jaw Test for sensation to skin of lower jaw by response to touch
45
CN V - dysfunction
Decreased sensation of face (ophthalmic, max, man) Atrophy of muscles of mastication (mandibular) Dropped jaw, decreased jaw tone (mandibular)
46
CN VI - name, function, associated foramen
Abducens Somatic motor - lateral rectus muscle & retractor bulbi Orbital fissure, foramen orbitorotundum - ox
47
CN VI - location in periphery and dissection
Within periorbita Nerve is seen entering the caudodorsal aspect of lateral rectus muscle
48
CN VI - testing function & signs of dysfunction
Asses globe for normal position & movement; look for medial strabismus of globe Medial strabismus
49
CN VII - name, function
Facial Somatic motor, regular sensory, special sensory, parasympathetic
50
CN VII - somatic motor supply
All muscles of facial expression - face, lips, ears, eyes, EXCEPT Levator palpabrae superiors - dorsal/ventral Buccal branches of CN VII Auriculopalebral n
51
CN VII - regular sensory
Concave surface of pinna of ear
52
CN VII - special sense
Taste, rostral 2/3 of tongue
53
CN VII - parasympathetic function
Salivary glands Lacrimal gland Other mucosal glands of the head
54
CN VII - foramen in skull
Inside cranium, facial nerve passes through internal acoustic meatus, facial canal & middle ear. Externally it passes through the stylomastoid foramen
55
CN VII - location of motor branches in periphery
Motor branches on lateral face of muscles of facial expression - dorsal branch br of facial n - ventral Buccal br of facial n - auriculopalpebral n
56
CN VII - special sensory branches in periphery
Chordae tympani of CN VII travels with the lingual n of CN V (V3/mandibular) to tongue
57
CN VII - parasympathetic branches in periphery
Branches to salivary glands, mucosal glands, lacrimal glands Travels w ophthalmic branch of CN V to lacrimal gland Travels w maxillary branch of CN V to mucosal glands Travels with mandibular branch of CN V to salivary glands Pterygopalantine ganglion - paras ganglion
58
CN VII - location in superficial dissection on lateral side
Three branches of facial nerve - dorsal Buccal branch of facial nerve, ventral Buccal branch of facial nerve, auriculopalpebral nerve are located emerging from under the rostral aspect of the parotid salivary gland. Buccal branches cross the masseter m and Auriculotemporal goes dorsally to forehead. In rum, ventral Buccal branch follows ventral border of masseter m
59
CN VII - location of nerve in deep lateral dissection
Pterygopalantine ganglion - deep to maxillary nerve where the maxillary nerve crosses the ptyergoid muscle in the pterygopalantine fossa
60
CN VII - testing function
Assess motor function - facial symmetry, flaccid facial m, slack eyelids/lips, deviation of Philtrum. Efferent nerve of palpebral reflex & menace response - ability to blink (motor to orbicular oculi m) Sensation of concave surface of pinna - touch hairs of pinna = ear twitch Tear production w schirmer tear test
61
CN VII - signs of dysfunction
Flaccid facial muscels, slack eyelids, lips, deviation of Philtrum, lack of blinking Lack of ear twitch, decreased taste, decreased tear production, decreased salivation
62
CN VIII - name, function, associated foramen
Vestibulocochlear Special sensory - hearing, balance Internal acoustic meatus
63
CN VIII - location in periphery & dissection
Within the petrous temporal bone CN VIII is not visible in dissection
64
CN VIII - testing function & signs of dysfunction
Assess ability to hear by response to sounds Deaf, head tilt, ataxia, nystagmus
65
CN XI - name, function, associated foramen
Glossopharyngeal n Somatic motor, regular sensory, special sensory, parasympathetic Tympano-occipital fissure
66
CN XI - somatic motor
Striated pharyngeal m, in conjunction w CN X (pharyngeal plexus)
67
CN XI - regular sensory
Pharynx Caudal 1/3 tongue (roof of tongue) Carotid body
68
CN XI - special sensory
Taste on caudal 1/3 of tongue
69
CN XI - parasympathetic function
Salivary glands
70
CN XI - location in periphery
Motor & regular branches to pharynx Regular sensory to tongue (ca 1/3) Special sensory to tongue (ca 1/3) Parasympathetic to salivary glands - travels w branches of CN V
71
CN XI - location in lateral deep dissection
Glossopharyngeal is most rostral to group passing through tympanic-occipital fissure. Nerve & br can be followed directly to pharyngeal muscles. Glossopharyngeal may lie adjacent to pharyngeal br of vagus nerve leaving distal ganglion of vagus
72
CN XI - location in medial dissection
Deep to insertion of longus capitis, CN XI crosses cranial cervical ganglion on lateral side of ganglion. Branches of nerve go directly to pharyngeal muscles. May lie adjacent to pharyngeal br of vagus nerve leaving the distal ganglion of the vagus.
73
CN XI - testing function, signs of dysfunction
Afferent & efferent w gag reflex (in conjunction w CN X) assess sensation by touching oro/laryngopharynx Decreased ability to swallow efficiently Decreased salivation
74
CN X - name and function
Vagus Somatic motor, regular sensory, special sensory, parasympathetic
75
CN X - somatic motor
Pharynx Larynx (cranial & caudal laryngeal n) Esophagus
76
CN X - regular sensory
Pharynx Larynx Esophagus
77
CN X - special sensory
Taste on base of tongue and epiglottis
78
CN X - parasympathetic function
Organs & blood vessels of neck, thorax, abdomen
79
CN X - foramen in skull
Tympano-occipital fissure
80
CN X - location in periphery
Motor & regular sensory branches to pharynx, larynx, esophagus Special sensory branches to base of tongue & epiglottis Component of vagosympathetic trunk that travels in carotid sheath next to esophagus/trachea in neck to thorax
81
CN X - location in periphery (thorax)
In thorax, gives rise to recurrent laryngeal nerve (somatic motor) cardiac and pulmonary nerve (paras) & dorsal/ventral vagus trunks (paras). Dorsal & ventral vagal trunks travel to viscera of abdomen distally to left colic flexure (paras)
82
CN X - location in deep dissection on lateral side
Distal ganglion of vagus is adjacent to cranial cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk & caudal to glossopharyngeal Branches of vagus contribute to pharyngeal plexus Vagosympathetic trunk is located in the neck w carotid sheath Recurrent laryngeal n travels cranially along the Dorso lateral aspects of trachea & passes & terminates at larynx as caudal laryngeal nerve
83
CN X - location in medial dissection
Distal ganglion of vagus is located underneath (superficial) to insertion of longus capitis muscle & adjacent to cranial cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk
84
CN X - location in neck dissection
Vagus nerve travels in conjunction w sympathetic trunk as the vagosympathetic trunk. Nerve is located in carotid sheath, extending along the lateral aspect of the esophagus/trachea to thoracic inlet
85
CN X - location in thorax dissection
Vagus n lies in mediastinum going cranial to caudal, dorsal to the base of heart. The caudal aspect of the heart + thoracic esophagus, vagus divides into dorsal and ventral branches. Ventral branches of R/L vagus join to form and unpaired ventral vagal trunk. Dorsal branches of R/L vagus join to form the unpaired dorsal vagal trunks. Trunks continue along ventral and dorsal aspects of esophagus through hiatus to abdomen
86
CN X - location in abdominal dissection
Ventral and dorsal vagal trunks are seen on stomach & branches of dorsal vagal trunks, then contribute to the celiacomesenteric ganglion. Branches of vagal trunk travel through the abdomen but aren’t visible
87
CN X - testing function
Afferent & efferent n of gag reflex (in conjunction with CN IX) assess sensation by touching the oro/laryngopharynx & assess motor function by presence of gagging/swallowing
88
CN X - signs of dysfunction
Decreased ability to swallow Laryngeal paralysis Cardiac & GI dysfunction
89
CN XI - name and function
Accessory nerve Somatic motor - dorsal & ventral branches
90
CN XI - dorsal branch supply
Brachiocephalicus muscle (cleidocephalicus m) Omotransversarius m Trapezius m
91
CN XI - ventral branch supply
Sternocephalicus muscle
92
CN XI - associated foramen in skull, location in periphery
Tympano-occipital fissure Along neck to innervate the branchiocephalicus, omotransversarius, trapezius, sternocephalicus muscle
93
CN XI - location in dissection
Dorsal branch emerges superficially at wing of atlas & passes deep to brachiocephlaicus and omotransversarius to the trapezius muscle. Ventral branch enters the cranial portion of the Sternocephalicus m
94
CN XI - signs of dysfunction
Atrophy of the brachiocephalicus, omotransversarius, trapezius m Atrophy of Sternocephalicus m
95
CN XII - name & function
Hypoglossal nerve Somatic motor function Intrinsic muscles of tongue Extrinsic muscles of tongue

SS - Exam 1 (33 decks)

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