Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SS - Exam 1 > EQ SC Disease > Flashcards

EQ SC Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Neurological signs

A

Paresis - disorder of descending motor tracts
Ataxia - disorder of ascending sensory tracts
Dysmetria - disorder of descending motor tracts or ascending sensory tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Signs of paresis

A

Low arc of swing in stride
Dragging toe
Excessive toe wear
Knuckling over at fetlock
Stumbling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Signs of ataxia

A

Abnormal placement of limbs
Crossing limbs or stepping off
Prolonged pivoting of limb when circling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Signs of dysmetria

A

Hypometria - stiff movement of limbs, reduced flexion of larger carpal & tarsal joints
Hypermetria - spasticity - stiff movement of limbs, prominent extensions of limbs, overly forceful limb placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Presentation of hypometria in pelvic limbs

A

Pelvic limbs only suggest lesions in the thoracolumbar spinal cord
Pelvic and thoracic limbs suggest a lesion in the cervical spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cervical spinal cord

A

Divided into two functional regions
Upper cervical region (C1-C5)
Lower cervical region (C5-C7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Focal lesion in upper cervical spinal cord (C1-C5)

A

Sings of weakness, ataxia and hypometria that are one grade worse in pelvic limbs than compared to thoracic limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Focal lesion in lower cervical spinal cord region (C5-C7)

A

Signs of weakness, ataxia and hypometria that are the same or worse in the thoracic limbs compared to the pelvic limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Differential diagnoses

A

Trauma *
Cervical stenotic myelopathy *
EQ protozoan myeloencephalitis*
EQ motor neuron disease
EQ degenerative myeloencephalopathy
Occipitoatlantoaxial malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cervical stenotic myelopathy

A

Developmental disorder of cervical spinal vertebrae (malform) or intervertebral joint (malartic) for continuous or intermittent compression of CSC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pathogenesis of CSM

A

Compression of cervical spinal cord causes pressure-induced degeneration usually of white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Signalment of CSM

A

Usually young colts
Light breeds are effected
Warmbloods ^^ but present older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

History for CSM

A

Sudden or gradual onset of in coordination
Sudden onset of in coordination is commonly linked with a traumatic event
Severity of signs often fluctuates but deterioration is slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Physical exam for CSM

A

Large for age, excellent body condition
Secondary developmental orthopedic disease
May have excessive toe wear
May have evidence of injury’s to distal limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurological exa

A

Symmetric weakness, ataxia or hypometria in pelvic limb and thoracic limbs
- compression of upper CSC = pelvic 1 grade worse
- compression of lower CSC = thoracic same or 1 grade worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diagnosing CSM

A

Radiographs - contrast radiography (myelography)
CSF - could see increased protein, RBC or xanthochromia
CT or MRI

17
Q

Expected findings for radiographs of CSM

A

Lateral views
Enlargement of caudal epiphysis
DJD of adjacent vertebrae
Sublux of adjacent vertebrae

18
Q

Sagittal ratio

A

Objective assessment of width of spinal canal
Minimum Sagittal diameter of vertebral canal
Calculate intravertebral Sagittal ratios for C 4, 5, 6, 7,

19
Q

Reference values for Sagittal ratio

A

Reference value for C4, 5, 6, >52%
Reference valve for C7>56%

20
Q

Myelography

A

Required for definitive diagnosis of CSM
RISKY! General anesthesia & lateral recumbency
Contrast is injected into atlantoccipital space (after withdrawal of CSF)
Diagnosis of CSM is based on the reduction (>50%) of dorsal and ventral dye columns at opposing sites

21
Q

Treatment for CSM

A

Stall rest, neck brace, elevated food & water
Altered diet & exercise restrictions - retard bone growth
Surgical - ventral intervertebral fusion

22
Q

VIF surgery

A

General anesthesia and dorsal recumbancy
Fuses vertebrae in extension and reduces compression during flexion

23
Q

Prognosis for CSM

A

Poor for athletic performance without surgery
Prognosis with surgery varies

24
Q

Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy

A

Degenerative disorder of SC and brainstem associated with dietary deficiency of Vitamin E

25
Q

Signalment for EDM

A

Young animals, any breed
Symmetric ataxia
Abnormal stance at rest
Prominent hypermetria when walked with the head elevated

26
Q

Neurological exam for EDM

A

No CN abnormalities
Symmetric weakness, ataxia and hypometria
Signs are usually worse in pelvic vs thoracic limbs
Reduced cervical, cervico-facial and laryngeal adductory reflexes

27
Q

Diagnostic tests for EDM

A

CBC - normal
Biochem - normal
CSF analysis - normal
Cervical radio - normal
Serum E - reduced

28
Q

Treating EDM

A

Supplement vitamin E
Can be prevented with supplementation

29
Q

Histopath for EDM

A

Diffuse neuronal degeneration of spinal cord white matter
Mild neuraxonal dystrophy in grey matter of spinal cord and brainstem

30
Q

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

A

Focal or multi focal inflammatory disease of spinal cord and brain caused by the coccidian parasite

31
Q

Etiology for EPM

A

Sarcocystis neurona
Neospora Hughesi

32
Q

Pathogenesis of EPM

A

Sarcocysts are found in muscles of birds, cat, raccoon or armadillo (IH) then ingested by opossum (DH)
Excreted in feces, horses then ingest contaminated feed or water and become an aberrant host during the infective stage

33
Q

Mechanism of EPM

A

Sporozoites penetrate EQ intestine epi and enter tissues
Merozoites are produced by asexual repro in somatic tissues and travel to SC and brain to infect neural cells
Schizonts cause pressure on surrounding tissue in SC/brain
Neural cells die and merozoites are released into SC/brain

34
Q

EMP history

A

Can happen to any horse, usually is just one not an outbreak
Sudden onset of in coordination

35
Q

EPM diagnostic tests

A

Profiles are normal
Testing for antibodies in CSF and blood

SS - Exam 1 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions