Lesion Local 4 Flashcards

1
Q

If reflexes are normal to increased in thoracic limbs in animal w tetraparesis

A

Then localization is a C1-5 myelopathy

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2
Q

If reflexes are decreased to absent in thoracic limbs in animal w tetraparesis

A

Then localization is a C6-7 myelopathy or lower motor neuron

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3
Q

Patellar reflex

A

Hit patellar tendon = stretches pat tendon (spinal fibers)
Signal travels up dorsal root through spinal cord then down ventral root to quadriceps muscle = extension

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4
Q

Patellar reflex mechanism

A

Patellar tendon
Golgi tendon organ
Afferent portion of the nerve
Dorsal nerve root
L4-6 spinal cord segments
Ventral nerve root
Efferent portion of the nerve
NMJ
Quadriceps muscle

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5
Q

Brachial plexus region

A

C6-T2 region

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6
Q

Suprascapularis nerve supply

A

C6 & 7

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7
Q

Subscapularis nerve supply

A

C6 &7

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8
Q

Axillary nerve supply

A

C6, 7, 8

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9
Q

Radial nerve supply

A

C7, 8, T1, 2

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10
Q

Median nerve supply

A

C8, T1, 2

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11
Q

Ulnar nerve supply

A

C8, T1, 2

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12
Q

Shoulder nerve supply and origin

A

Suprascapularis, subscapularis, musc, axillary
C6, 7, 8

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13
Q

Elbow nerve supply

A

Musc, axillary, radial nerves
C6, 7, 8, T1, T2

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14
Q

Carpus nerve supply

A

Radial, median and ulnar
C7, 8, T1, T2

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15
Q

Withdrawal reflex

A

Stimulus to toe, travels radial nerve to caudal intumescence
Dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord, LMN = flexion of limb
Ideally seeking flexion of joints
Lack of flexion = abnormal function of nerve

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16
Q

Radial nerve

A

Featured on dorsal aspect of limb

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17
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Featured on lateral and ventral sides of limb

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18
Q

Musculocutanous nerve

A

Featured on the medial side of limb

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19
Q

Withdrawal reflex efferent - ulnar and median

A

Withdrawal on carpus indicates proper function of ulnar and Median nerves

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20
Q

Withdrawal reflex efferent on musculocutanous nerve

A

Withdrawal of biceps and brachialis muscles indicates proper function of musculocutanous nerve

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21
Q

Withdrawal reflex efferent of Supraspinatous & axillary nerves

A

Withdrawal of the shoulder, deltoid & suprascapular muscle indicates proper function of the suprascapular & axillary nerve

22
Q

Polysynaptic reflex

A

Reflex that has multiple synapse at the spinal cord or brain

23
Q

Shoulder reflex

A

Cranial intumescence

24
Q

Elbow reflex

A

Mid intumescence

25
Carpal reflex
Caudal intumescence
26
Vertebral origin of femoral nerve
L4, 5, 6
27
Vertebral origin of obturator nerve
L4, 5, 6,
28
Vertebral origin of cranial gluteal nerve
L6, 7, S1
29
Vertebral origin of caudal gluteal nerve
L6, 7, S1, S2
30
Vertebral origin of sciatic nerve
L6, 7, s1, s2,
31
Vertebral origin of pudend. Nerve
S1, 2, 3
32
Withdrawal reflex - afferent Distally
Tibial, Fibular
33
Withdrawal reflex - afferent Laterally
Sciatic
34
Withdrawal reflex - afferent Medially
Saphenous / femoral
35
Caudal intumescence lesion - pelvic limb
Good hip & stifle flexion No stifle flexion
36
Reflexes normal to increased in pelvic limbs
In Animal with paraparesis, lesion is localized to T3-L3 myelopathy
37
if reflexes are decreased to absent in pelvic limb i
In animal with paraparesis, localization is L4-S3 myelopathy or LMN
38
Use for sciatic nerve reflex
Common in animals in lateral recumbency Find sciatic notch. Proper function should flex the stifle (L6-S1)
39
Use for gastroc reflex
Used after cranial tibial Strike muscle belly, proper function should result in extension of the hock, contraction of thigh muscles may occur. Innervated by tibial branch of sciatic (L7-S1)
40
Use for Cranial tibial reflex
Proper functional response is flexion of the hock Innervated by Fibular branch of sciatic nerve (L6-7)
41
Grading scale for reflexes
0 - absent 1 - delayed 2 - normal 3 - increased 4 - clonus *difference between 3 & 4 = presence of UMN disease
42
Crossed extensor
Extension of opposite limb from stimulated during flexor reflex tests Indicates UMN disease, likely chronic
43
Babinski reflex
Stroking limbs on caudolateral surface of hock to digits, animal should elicit no response. Any response like extension and fanning of digits indicates UMN disease
44
Perineal reflex
Winking of booty hole, testing pudendal nerve (S1-3)
45
Cutaneous trunci
Start caudally Afferent T3-L5 Efferent is lateral thoracic nerve - C8-T1 spinal cord segments - cutaneous trunci muscle Useful for focusing lesions in T3-L5
46
Hyperpathia
Something that could be painful with enough force, but applied force should not be painful*
47
Hyperesthesia
Something that shouldn’t be painful but is
48
Nociception
Deep pain More resistant pathways to damage than other pathways. Withdrawal on deep pain, indicates only an intact reflex arc (peripheral nerve & spinal segments) Deep pain is important for assessing prognosis & surgery
49
Bladder control
L1-4, UMN bladder = lesion= increased tone to bladder wall/detrusser muscle & pudendal nerve s1-3, LMN bladder - lesion = incontience, no tone to detrusser muscle Pelvic nerve - parasympathetic, releasing bladder Hypogastric nerve - sympathetic, filling bladder
50
Detrusor muscle tone
UMN - increased LMN - decreased
51
Urethane sphincter tone
UMN - increased LMN - decreased
52
Bladder expression
UMN - difficult, urinary retention LMN - easy, urinary incontinence