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SS - Exam 1 > Lesion Local 4 > Flashcards

Lesion Local 4 Flashcards

1
Q

If reflexes are normal to increased in thoracic limbs in animal w tetraparesis

A

Then localization is a C1-5 myelopathy

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2
Q

If reflexes are decreased to absent in thoracic limbs in animal w tetraparesis

A

Then localization is a C6-7 myelopathy or lower motor neuron

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3
Q

Patellar reflex

A

Hit patellar tendon = stretches pat tendon (spinal fibers)
Signal travels up dorsal root through spinal cord then down ventral root to quadriceps muscle = extension

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4
Q

Patellar reflex mechanism

A

Patellar tendon
Golgi tendon organ
Afferent portion of the nerve
Dorsal nerve root
L4-6 spinal cord segments
Ventral nerve root
Efferent portion of the nerve
NMJ
Quadriceps muscle

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5
Q

Brachial plexus region

A

C6-T2 region

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6
Q

Suprascapularis nerve supply

A

C6 & 7

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7
Q

Subscapularis nerve supply

A

C6 &7

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8
Q

Axillary nerve supply

A

C6, 7, 8

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9
Q

Radial nerve supply

A

C7, 8, T1, 2

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10
Q

Median nerve supply

A

C8, T1, 2

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11
Q

Ulnar nerve supply

A

C8, T1, 2

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12
Q

Shoulder nerve supply and origin

A

Suprascapularis, subscapularis, musc, axillary
C6, 7, 8

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13
Q

Elbow nerve supply

A

Musc, axillary, radial nerves
C6, 7, 8, T1, T2

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14
Q

Carpus nerve supply

A

Radial, median and ulnar
C7, 8, T1, T2

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15
Q

Withdrawal reflex

A

Stimulus to toe, travels radial nerve to caudal intumescence
Dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord, LMN = flexion of limb
Ideally seeking flexion of joints
Lack of flexion = abnormal function of nerve

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16
Q

Radial nerve

A

Featured on dorsal aspect of limb

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17
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Featured on lateral and ventral sides of limb

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18
Q

Musculocutanous nerve

A

Featured on the medial side of limb

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19
Q

Withdrawal reflex efferent - ulnar and median

A

Withdrawal on carpus indicates proper function of ulnar and Median nerves

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20
Q

Withdrawal reflex efferent on musculocutanous nerve

A

Withdrawal of biceps and brachialis muscles indicates proper function of musculocutanous nerve

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21
Q

Withdrawal reflex efferent of Supraspinatous & axillary nerves

A

Withdrawal of the shoulder, deltoid & suprascapular muscle indicates proper function of the suprascapular & axillary nerve

22
Q

Polysynaptic reflex

A

Reflex that has multiple synapse at the spinal cord or brain

23
Q

Shoulder reflex

A

Cranial intumescence

24
Q

Elbow reflex

A

Mid intumescence

25
Q

Carpal reflex

A

Caudal intumescence

26
Q

Vertebral origin of femoral nerve

A

L4, 5, 6

27
Q

Vertebral origin of obturator nerve

A

L4, 5, 6,

28
Q

Vertebral origin of cranial gluteal nerve

A

L6, 7, S1

29
Q

Vertebral origin of caudal gluteal nerve

A

L6, 7, S1, S2

30
Q

Vertebral origin of sciatic nerve

A

L6, 7, s1, s2,

31
Q

Vertebral origin of pudend. Nerve

A

S1, 2, 3

32
Q

Withdrawal reflex - afferent
Distally

A

Tibial, Fibular

33
Q

Withdrawal reflex - afferent
Laterally

A

Sciatic

34
Q

Withdrawal reflex - afferent
Medially

A

Saphenous / femoral

35
Q

Caudal intumescence lesion - pelvic limb

A

Good hip & stifle flexion
No stifle flexion

36
Q

Reflexes normal to increased in pelvic limbs

A

In Animal with paraparesis, lesion is localized to T3-L3 myelopathy

37
Q

if reflexes are decreased to absent in pelvic limb i

A

In animal with paraparesis, localization is L4-S3 myelopathy or LMN

38
Q

Use for sciatic nerve reflex

A

Common in animals in lateral recumbency
Find sciatic notch. Proper function should flex the stifle
(L6-S1)

39
Q

Use for gastroc reflex

A

Used after cranial tibial
Strike muscle belly, proper function should result in extension of the hock, contraction of thigh muscles may occur. Innervated by tibial branch of sciatic (L7-S1)

40
Q

Use for Cranial tibial reflex

A

Proper functional response is flexion of the hock
Innervated by Fibular branch of sciatic nerve (L6-7)

41
Q

Grading scale for reflexes

A

0 - absent
1 - delayed
2 - normal
3 - increased
4 - clonus
*difference between 3 & 4 = presence of UMN disease

42
Q

Crossed extensor

A

Extension of opposite limb from stimulated during flexor reflex tests
Indicates UMN disease, likely chronic

43
Q

Babinski reflex

A

Stroking limbs on caudolateral surface of hock to digits, animal should elicit no response. Any response like extension and fanning of digits indicates UMN disease

44
Q

Perineal reflex

A

Winking of booty hole, testing pudendal nerve (S1-3)

45
Q

Cutaneous trunci

A

Start caudally
Afferent T3-L5
Efferent is lateral thoracic nerve
- C8-T1 spinal cord segments
- cutaneous trunci muscle
Useful for focusing lesions in T3-L5

46
Q

Hyperpathia

A

Something that could be painful with enough force, but applied force should not be painful*

47
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Something that shouldn’t be painful but is

48
Q

Nociception

A

Deep pain
More resistant pathways to damage than other pathways. Withdrawal on deep pain, indicates only an intact reflex arc (peripheral nerve & spinal segments)
Deep pain is important for assessing prognosis & surgery

49
Q

Bladder control

A

L1-4, UMN bladder = lesion= increased tone to bladder wall/detrusser muscle & pudendal nerve
s1-3, LMN bladder - lesion = incontience, no tone to detrusser muscle
Pelvic nerve - parasympathetic, releasing bladder
Hypogastric nerve - sympathetic, filling bladder

50
Q

Detrusor muscle tone

A

UMN - increased
LMN - decreased

51
Q

Urethane sphincter tone

A

UMN - increased
LMN - decreased

52
Q

Bladder expression

A

UMN - difficult, urinary retention
LMN - easy, urinary incontinence

SS - Exam 1 (33 decks)

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