Quran + 3 other sources Flashcards
What is the Quran’s role in Islamic law?
The Quran is the primary and final authority in Islamic law, containing the basic laws for all matters it addresses.
How does the Quran describe itself in relation to mankind?
The Quran states, “(It is) an exposition of that which is decreed for mankind.” [10:37]
What does the Quran command regarding disputes?
- Muslims are forbidden to decide disputes except under the law laid down in the Quran:
“We have sent down to you the Book of Truth, so that you may judge between men according to law as laid down by God.” [4:105]
What is the Sunnah’s role in Islamic law?
- The Sunnah is the second primary source of Islamic law, used to interpret and apply the Quran’s teachings.
Give an example of how the Sunnah complements the Quran.
- The Quran commands giving Zakat but does not specify details, which are provided by the Hadith:
- “No charity tax is due on property mounting to less than five Uqiya, and no charity tax is due on fewer than five camels, and there is no charity tax on fewer than five Wasq.”
What Quranic verse pairs Zakat with prayer?
- “And be steadfast in prayer, give the charity tax, and bow down your heads with those who bow down.”
What is ijma and when is it used?
- Ijma means “consensus” and is used when there is no clear guidance in the Quran or Sunnah.
What Quranic verse supports the authority of the Muslim community?
The Quranic verse supports the authority of the Muslim community: “You are the best of people evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right forbidding what is wrong and believing in Allah.”
Provide an example of ijma in practice
An example of Ijma would be :
- The grandfather inheriting a deceased grandson’s estate, based on the Quranic verse:
- “It is prescribed, when death approaches any of you, if he leaves any goods, that he should make a bequest to parents and next of kin.”
How has ijma been applied historically and recently?
Historically: Compilation of the Quran during the Caliphs’ era.
Recently: Permissibility of IVF for married Muslim couples.
What does the term qiyas mean?
Qiyas means “to measure one thing by comparing it with another.”
What is the position of qiyas in Islamic law?
It is the fourth source of law, used after the Quran, Sunnah, and ijma.
Explain the process of qiyas with an example.
Asl: Quran forbids sales transactions after the call to prayer on Friday.
Far’: By analogy, all distracting transactions (e.g., sales, meetings) are also forbidden.
Hukm: All such activities are forbidden because they distract Muslims from Friday prayers (‘illa).
What must the asl in qiyas always be derived from?
The asl must always come from the Quran, Sunnah, or ijma, ensuring that secondary sources do not contradict primary sources.
