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Quiz 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Tibia

A

-Shin bone
-Primary weight bearing bone of the leg (recall ‘leg’)

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2
Q

Fibula

A

-Carries ~1/6th body weight (previously thought to be non-weight bearing)

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3
Q

Fibula (Anterior View)

A

-Apex
-Head
-Neck
-Shaft
-Interosseous border
-lateral malleolus

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4
Q

Lateral Malleolus

A

Lateral projection of your ankle

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5
Q

Tibia (Anterior View)

A
  • Lateral Condyle
    -Intercondylar Eminence
    -Medial Condyle
    -Medial and lateral condyles articulate with the femoral condyles
    -Shaft
    -Interosseous border
    -Medial Malleolus
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6
Q

Gerdy’s Tubricle (Lateral Tibial Tubercle)

A

Large prominence lateral and superior to the tibial tuberosity

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7
Q

Tibia (Posterior View)

A

-Lateral Condyle
-Intercondylar Eminence
-Medial Condyle
-Shaft
-Interosseous Border (lateral border)
-Medial Malleolus
-Soleal Line

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8
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

A

Head of fibula articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia
-Flat oval/circular facet on the fibular head which articulates with a similar facet on the tibia
-Synovial
-Plane

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9
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Movements (Dorsiflexion)

A

Limited superior and posterior glide

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10
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Movements (Plantar Flexion)

A

Limited inferior and anterior glide

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11
Q

Distal Tibiofibular Joint

A

-Distal end of fibula articulates with the distal end of the tibia
-Fibrous

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12
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Strong connective tissue between the tibia and the fibula which thickens at the distal end

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13
Q

Talocrural Joint

A

-Distal end of the tibia and fibula articulate with the trochlea (body) of the talus
-Synovial
-Hinge

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14
Q

Talocrural Joint Movements

A

Only dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

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15
Q

Deltoid Ligament

A

Four Ligaments (anterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar)
-Checks: Eversion of the ankle
-Very strong ligament and focused attachment point on the medial malleolus can lead to an avulsion fracture

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16
Q

Anterior Fibres of the Deltoid Ligament

A

Eversion with Plantar Flexion

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17
Q

Posterior Fibres of the Deltoid Ligament

A

Eversion with Dorsiflexion

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18
Q

Vertical Fibres

A

Eversion in Neutral

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19
Q

ATFL Movement

A

Inversion with Plantar Flexion

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20
Q

Calcaneofibular of the Deltoid Ligament Action

A

Inversion in Neutral

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21
Q

Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)

A

-Checks/Restricts: Inversion
-Palpated through sinus tarsi
-Most commonly injured ligament in the foot

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22
Q

Calcaneofibular Ligament

A

Checks: Inversion

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23
Q

Subcutaneous Calcaneal

A

Between the achilles tendon and the overlying skin

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24
Q

Subtendinous Calcaneal

A

Between the achilles tendon and the calcaneus

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25
Q

Subtalar Joint

A

-Inferior aspect of the talus articulates with the superior calcaneus
-Synovial
-Plane

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26
Q

Subtalar Joint Movements

A

-Inversion
-Eversion

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27
Q

Talocalcaneonavicular Joint

A

-Articulation between talus calcaneus and navicular joint
-synovial
-ball and socket
-helps increase inversion/eversion range

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28
Q

Calcaneofibular Ligament

A

Attaches: Lateral Malleolus - Lateral Calcaneus
Checks: Inversion

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29
Q

Subcutaneous Calcaneal

A

Between Achilles Tendon and the overlying skin

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30
Q

Subtendinous

A

Between Achilles Tendon and the Calcaneus

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31
Q

Subtalar Joint

A

Inferior aspect Talus articulates with superior Calcaneus
-Synovial
-Plane
Movements: Inversion - Eversion

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32
Q

Talocalcaneonavicular Joint

A

Articulation between: Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular
-Synovial
-Ball and Socket
-Increase inversion/eversion range

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33
Q

Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring Ligament)

A

-Helps maintain medial longitudinal arch by supporting head of talus
-If ligament is stretched, head of Talus can sink resulting in Pes Planus (flat foot)

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34
Q

Flat Foot

A

Pes Planus

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35
Q

High Arch

A

Pes Cavus

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36
Q

Calcaneocuboid Joint

A

-Articulation between Calcaneus and Cuboid
-Synovial
-Plane

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37
Q

Long Plantar Ligament

A

-Helps maintain arches in foot

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38
Q

Transverse Tarsal joint (Midtarsal Joint)

A

Movements: Inversion, Eversion
-Helps increase inversion/eversion range by allowing abduction and adduction of the forefoot

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39
Q

Talocalcaneonavicular Joint & Calcaneocuboid Joint are sometimes referred to as

A

Midtarsal joint

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40
Q

Intertarsal, Tarsometatarsal & Intermetatarsal Joints

A

-Synovial
-Plane
-Little movement at 2nd tarsometatarsal joint
Movements:
-Limited due to tight binding by the ligaments
-Bases of the 2nd through 5th metatarsals are firmly bound by ligaments

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41
Q

The Metatarsophalangeal Joints

A

-Head of metatarsals articulate with the bases of the proximal phlalanges
-Synovial
-Condyloid
Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
Supporting Ligaments:
-Collateral ligaments on either side of the joints
-Plantar surface of joint capsules are thickened to form the plantar plates

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42
Q

Interphalangeal Joints

A

-Head of phalanx articulates with the base of the phalanx distal to it
-Synovial
-Hinge
Movements: flexion, extension
Supporting Ligaments: Collateral ligaments

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43
Q

Arches of the foot

A

-Bones of the foot form arches which act as shock absorbers

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44
Q

What are the arches of the foot?

A
  1. Medial longitudinal arch
  2. Lateral longitudinal arch
  3. Transverse arch
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45
Q

Arches are maintained by

A
  1. Shape of the interlocking bones
  2. Ligaments
  3. Fascia
  4. Action of the muscles
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46
Q

Medial Longitudinal Arch

A

Bones: Calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuniforms, metatarsals 1-3
-Arch does not normally come in contact with the ground
-More involved in propulsion than weight bearing

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47
Q

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

A

Bones: Calcaneus, cuboid, metatarsals 4,5
-More invoved in weight bearing than propulsion

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48
Q

Transverse Arch

A

-Involves whole length of foot
Anterior Portion: Head of 1st MT to head of 5thMT
Middle Portion: Cuneiform #1 to Cuboid
Posterior Portion: Navicular to Cuboid

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49
Q

Plantar Fascia (Plantar Aponeurosis)

A

-Thick, central fascia on sole of foot
Attaches: Medial Calcaneal Tubricle - Proximal Phalanx of each toe
-Continuous with fascia of the calf

50
Q

Windlass Mechanism

A

-As toes extend the plantar fascia tightens
-It pulls calcaneus anteriorly and elevates the arches putting the foot into supination
-Occurs whether the acton is active, passive, weight bearing or non-weight bearing

51
Q

During windlass mechanism why does plantar fascia tighten when toes extend?

A

Because it crosses the MTPs

52
Q

Femur

A

Longest/heaviest bone in the human body

53
Q

Greater Trochanter

A

Bony prominence located on the anterolateral surface of the proximal shaft of femur, distal to femoral neck

54
Q

Shaft

A

-Rough triangular in cross-sectional shape
-Descends in a slight medial direction

55
Q

Lateral Epicondyle

A

Bony projection on the lateral side of the distal femur

56
Q

Lateral Condyle

A

Part of the expanded lower condyle of the femur

57
Q

Patellar Surface (aka. trochlear groove)

A

Anterior portion of the femurs articular surface that covers both the medial and lateral condyles

58
Q

Medial Condyle

A

Medially located, round, articular eminence found on the proximal end of the tibia

59
Q

Medial Epicondyle

A

Most prominent point on the medial condyle

60
Q

Adductor Tubercle

A

A bony protrusion located at the peak of the medial condyle of the femur

61
Q

Intertrochanteric line

A

A line upon the anterior aspect of the proximal end of the femur, extending between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter

62
Q

Lesser Trochanter

A

A compact conical bony prominence positioned at the junction of the posterioinferior region of the femoral neck and shaft

63
Q

Neck (of femur)

A

Connects the femoral shaft with the femoral head

64
Q

Fovea

A

Roughened pit-like depression located below and lateral to the central region of the femoral head

65
Q

Head (of femur)

A

Faces medially, superiorly, anteriorly and articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis

66
Q

Intertrochanteric crest

A

The ridge on the posterior aspect of the proximal end of the femur

67
Q

Gluteal Tuberosity

A

broad, rough margin located along the upper postereolateral aspect of the body of femur

68
Q

Linea Aspera

A

Longitudinally oriented rough ridge with 2 lips (medial and lateral) on the posterior surface of the femur

69
Q

Intercondylar Notch (aka.intercondylar fossa)

A

Groove at distal end of femur

70
Q

Popliteal Fossa

A

Diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint

71
Q

Body (of femur)

A

Long part of femur

72
Q

Popliteus Attachments

A

Inferior/distal attachment: Posterior proximal surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal line

73
Q

Popliteus Actions

A

Action: Flexion of the knee (very weak)
Action: Medial rotation of the knee (key)

74
Q

Screw Home Mechanism of the knee

A

When knee is fully extended, the tibia rotates laterally which locks the knee into a more stable position

75
Q

What is the “Key to the Knee”?

A

Popliteus
-To flex the knee, the popliteus medially rotates the tibia to “unlock” the knee and allow it to flex
-Popliteus unlocks the screw home mechanism

76
Q

The tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane and the intermuscular septa divide the leg into 4 compartments which are?

A
  1. Anterior Compartment
  2. Lateral Compartment
  3. Superficial Posterior Compartment
  4. Deep Posterior Compartment

*Muscles in a compartment share the same general function, nerve supply and blood supply

77
Q

*Tibialis Anterior Attachments

A

Inferior/Distal attachment: base of the 1st MT, 1st (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface)

78
Q

*Tibialis Anterior Actions

A

Action: Dorsiflexion
Action: Inversion

79
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL) Attachments

A

Inferior/Distal Attachment: base of the distal phalanx of the 1st. toe (dorsal surface)

80
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL) Actions

A

Action: extension of MTP, IP of 1st digit (Extension of big toe)
Action: assists in dorsiflexion, inversion

81
Q

Hallucis Hallux

A

The great toe

82
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) Attachments

A

Inferior/Distal attachment: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes (dorsal surface)

83
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) (Actions)

A

Action: Dorsiflexion
Action: Eversion
Action: Extension of MTPs, PIPs, DIPs 2nd-5th digits

84
Q

What muscle in anterior compartment does not everyone have?

A

Peroneus Tertius

85
Q

Peroneus Tertius Attachments

A

Inferior/Distal Attachment: base of the 5th MT (dorsal surface)

86
Q

Peroneus Tertius Actions

A

Actions: Dorsiflexion (weak)
Actions: Eversion (weak)

87
Q

Retinacula

A

Prevent the tendons from bowing as the muscles contract

88
Q

Where there is a possibility of friction between the tendons and the retinacula, there is a ___________ which surrounds the tendon.

A

Tendon sheath

89
Q

There is a ________________ outer layer for structure and protection with a ___________________ or lubrication.

A

Connective tissue, synovial inner layer

90
Q

Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus)

A

-Passes through the tunnel formed by the extensions of the long plantar ligament
-Forms stirrup with tibialis anterior at the base of the 1st MT

91
Q

Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus) Attachments

A

Inferior/Distal attachment: base of the 1st MT, 1st (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface)

92
Q

Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus) Actions

A

Action: Plantar Flexion
Action: Eversion

93
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

-Both tendons pass behind lateral malleolus
-Note the peroneal retinacula and the associated tendon sheaths

94
Q

Peroneus Brevis Attachments

A

Inferior/Distal Attachment: Tuberosity of the 5th MT

95
Q

Peroneus Brevis Actions

A

Actions: Plantar Flexion
Actions: Eversion

96
Q

Gastrocnemius Attachments

A

Superior/Proximal Attachment: 2 heads attaching to the medial and lateral femoral condyles
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Calcaneus (via the achilles tendon)

97
Q

Gastrocnemius Actions

A

Action: Plantar Flexion
Action: Knee Flexion (weak)

98
Q

Gastronemius and soleus together are often called the ____________.

A

Triceps Surae

99
Q

Soleus Attachments

A

Superior/Proximal attachment: Proximal posterior fibula, soleal line (tibia), Middle 1/3rd of medial border of tibia
Inferior/Distal attachment: Calcaneous (via the achilles tendon)

100
Q

Soleus Action

A

Action: Plantar Flexion

101
Q

Plantaris

A

Weak Muscle but if it ruptures (often with injury to the achilles), there can be significant pain

102
Q

Plantaris Attachment

A

Superior/Proximal Attachment: distal lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Calcaneous (NOT via the achilles tendon)

103
Q

Plantaris Actions

A

Action: Plantar Flexion (weak)
Action: Knee Extension (weak)

104
Q

Gastronemius & Soleus, share a common distal tendon called the ______________ which attaches to calcaneus.

A

Achilles Tendon

105
Q

Fascia on calf is continuous with the ______________.

A

Plantar aponeurosis

106
Q

Interosseous border

A

Where the interosseous membrane of the leg connects the shafts of the tibia and fibula together

107
Q

Soleal Line

A

A prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the tibia

108
Q

Intercondylar Emminence

A

The elevated bony region located at the center of the intercondylar area, on the superior surface of the upper end of the tibia

109
Q

What is the rough ridge with medial and lateral lips, that goes down posterior side of femur?

A

Linea Aspera

110
Q

Anterior Talofibular (Motion it Restricts)

A

Inversion/Plantar Flexion

111
Q

Posterior Fibres of the Deltoid (Motion it Restricts)

A

Eversion/Dorsiflexion

112
Q

Calcaneofibular (Motion it Restricts)

A

Inversion in Neutral

113
Q

Anterior Fibres of the Deltoid (Motion it Restricts)

A

Eversion/Plantarflexion

114
Q

What type of Joint is Subtalar?

115
Q

What type of Joint is Talocrural?

116
Q

What type of Joint is Metatarsophalangeal?

117
Q

What type of Joint is Talocalcaneonavicular?

A

Ball and Socket

118
Q

What type of Joint is Interphalangeal?

119
Q

Sheath of Connective Tissue

A

Aponerosis

120
Q

Bursa of Heel (Between Achilles Tendon and overlying skin)

A

Subcutaneous Calcaneal

121
Q

What muscle is the key to the Knee?

Anatomy (22 decks)

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