Anatomy Quiz 4 Flashcards
Rotator Cuff
-Supraspinatus
-Infraspinatus
-Teres Minor
-Subscappularis
-Deltoids
-Teres Major
Deltoid (Attachments)
-Anterior, Middle, Posterior Heads
-Medial Attachment (Anterior): Anterior Lateral 1/3rd of the Clavicle
-Medial Attachment (Middle): Lateral Acromion
-Medial: attachment (Posterior): Spine of the scapula
-Lateral Attachment: Deltoid Tuberosity
Deltoid (Action)
-Action (all): G-H Abduction
-Action (Anterior Head): G-H Medial Rotation, Flexion, Horizontal Adduction
-Action (Posterior Head): G-H Lateral Rotation, Extension, Horizontal Abduction
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis
What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?
Support/Stabilize the G-H Joint and Help to control it’s movements
*Head of humerus ca be separated from the Glenoid Fossa by 2.5cm when the muscles are cut - this means the non-contractile elements (capsule, ligaments, etc.) don’t stabilize the joint, the muscles do
Head of humerus ca be separated from the ___________________ by _______ when the muscles are cut
Glenoid Fossa, 2.5cm
Do Non-contractile elements (capsule, ligaments, etc.) stabilize the joint?
Non-contractile elements (capsule, ligaments, etc.) don’t stabilize the joint, the muscles do
Supraspinatus (Attachments)
-Medial Attachment: Supraspinous Fossa
-Lateral Attachment: Superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule)
Supraspinatus (Action)
-Action: Abduction/Scaption
-Action: Stabilizes the G-H joint by ‘tucking’ the head of the humerus up into the Glenoid Fossa
Infraspinatus (Attachment)
-Medial Attachment: Infraspinous Fossa
-Lateral Attachment: Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule)
Infraspinatus (Action)
-Action: G-H External Rotation
Teres Minor (Attachments)
-Medial Attachment: Lateral middle border of the scapula (between triceps and teres major)
-Lateral Attachment: Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule)
Teres Minor (Action)
-Action: G-H External Rotation
Subscapularis (Attachments)
-Medial Attachment: Subscapular Fossa
-Lateral Attachment: Lesser tubercle of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule)
Subscapularis (Action)
-Action: G-H internal rotation
Teres Major is part of the rotator cuff muscles?
Teres Major is NOT one of the rotator cuff muscles
Teres Major (Attachments)
-Medial Attachment: Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
-Lateral Attachment: Medial lip of the Bicipital Groove
Teres Major (Action)
-Action: G-H Internal Rotation
-Action: G-H Extension
-Action: G-H Adduction
Radius
-Lateral bone in forearm
-Has slight bowing and thickens as you travel distally
-Latin: Resembles spoke of a wheel
Radius Landmarks
-Head
-Neck
-Radial Tuberosity
-Interosseous Border
-Styloid Process
-Dorsal Tubercle (a.k.a. Lister’s Tubercle)
-Ulnar notch (of the radius)
Ulnar notch is on the _______________.
Radius
Radial notch is on the ________________.
Ulna
Ulna
-Medial bone in the forearm
-Latin: elbow
Ulna Landmarks
-Olecranon
-Trochlear Notch
-Coronoid Process
-Radial Notch
-Ulnar Tuberosity
-Interosseous Border
-Styloid Process
-Head
-Supinator Crest
Elbow Joint Articulation (Humeroulnar) (articulation)
-Anteriorly, trochlea of humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna
-Posteriorly, olecranon articulates with the olecranon fossa (in full extension)
Elbow Joint Articulation (Humeroradial)
-Capitulum, articulates with the head of the radius (the superior surface of the head of the radius is slightly cup shaped - called the fovea)
Elbow Joint Articulation Humeroulnar & Humeroradial (Joint/Action)
-Hinge
-Synovial
-Very Stable
-Flexion & Extension
Collateral Ligaments
-Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament
-Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligaments
Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament (attachment)
Lateral Epicondyle <-> Annular Ligament of the Radius
Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligaments (attachments)
Medial Epicondyle <-> Coronoid Process, Olecranon Process
Between the olecranon and the overlying skin is _________________.
Olecranon Bursa
Proximal Radioulnar Joint (articulation,joint type, action)
-Head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna
-Synovial
-Pivot
-Allows for movement of head of the radius against the ulna (head rotates within the ring formed by annular ligament)
-Pronation/Supination
Pronation & Supination
Used to describe rotational motions of the forearm - Mainly radius that moves
Pronation
Palms faces down
Supination
Palms faces up
Annular Ligament
U-Shaped ligament runs from anterior surface of radial notch around head of radius to posterior surface of radial notch - holds head of radius in place
Preschool kids can get ________________ from forceful traction of the ______________ forearm
‘slipped elbow’, pronated
Distal Radioulnar joint (articulation,joint type,action)
-Head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of the radius
-Pivot
-Synovial
-Allows for movement of radius around a relatively fixed ulna
-Pronation/Supination
-Articular disk binds distal radius and ulna together
*Ulna does NOT directly articulate with carpal bones
*Between radius & ulna is interosseous membrane helps to stabilize the 2 bones and proximal/distal radioulnar joints
Palmar and Dorsal Radioulnar Ligaments Attachments
Distal Ulna <-> Distal radius
Coracobrachialis (Attachments)
Superior/Proximal Attachment: Coracoid Process
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Middle, medial humerus
Coracobrachialis (Action)
-G-H Adduction
-G-H Flexion (Weak)
Biceps Brachii (Biceps = 2 heads, Brachii = Arm) (Attachments)
-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Long Head): Supraglenoid tubercle
-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Short Head): Coracoid Process
-Inferior/Distal Attachment: Radial Tuberosity (when forearm is pronated, biceps wrap more than 1/2 way around radius), bicipital aponeurosis (fascia that runs from biceps tendon across the cubital fossa and merges with deep fascia of the anterior forearm) (flexors on the medial side)
Biceps Brachii (Biceps = 2 heads, Brachii = Arm) (Action)
-G-H flexion
-Elbow flexion - Prime mover in supination (weak when the forearm is pronated
-Forearm Supination (proximal & distal radioulnar joints)
Brachialis (Attachment)
Superior/Proximal Attachment: Anterior distal 1/2 of the humerus
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Ulnar tuberosity, coronoid process
Brachialis (Action)
elbow flexion (prime mover in pronation)
Triceps Brachii (Triceps = 3 Heads, Brachii = Arm) (Attachments)
-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Long Head): Infraglenoid Tubricle
-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Lateral Head): Posterior Proximal Humerus (superior to the radial groove)
-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Medial Head): Posterior Distal Humerus (inferior to the radial groove)
-Inferior/Distal Attachment: Olecranon Process
Triceps Brachii (Triceps = 3 Heads, Brachii = Arm) (Action)
-Action (long head): G-H extension
-Action (all heads): elbow extension
Anconeus (Attachment)
-Superior/Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle
-Inferior/Distal Attachment: Olecranon Process
_____________ is technically part of the forearm but is functionally related to triceps.
Anconeus
Anconeus (Action)
Elbow Extension (assists triceps)
How many bones are in the hand?
-Carpal Bones (8)
-Metacarpals (5)
-Phalanges (14)
-Total 27 bones - compared to foot which has 26
Carpal Bones
8 Carpal Bones (2 rows of 4 bones each)
*NOTE to remember bones: Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Candle
-Scaphoid
-Lunate
-Truquetrum
-Pisiform
-Trapezium
-Trapezoid
-Capitate
-Hamate
Carpal Bones Proximal Row (from lateral to medial)
-Scaphoid (sometimes called navicular) (including it’s tubercle) (boat shaped) (Most commonly fractured)
-Lunate (moon shaped) (most commonly dislocated)
-Triquetrum (pyramid shaped)
-Pisiform - easily palpable (completely surrounded by tendon - therefore it’s a sesamoid bone)
Carpal Bones Distal Row (from lateral to medial)
-Trapezium (including it’s tubercle)
-Trapezoid
-Capitate (has a rounded head)
-Hamate - easily identified by the anterior projection called the hook of the hamate
Carpal Tunnel
-There is a natural anterior concavity formed by the carpal bones
-Flexor Retinaculum attaches laterally to tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and medially to hook of the hamate and pisiform
-Retinaculum forms a tunnel called carpal tunnel through which structures pass
5 Metacarpals
-Each has a base, a shaft & a head
-Head of the 1st metacarpal has sesamoid bones
14 Phalanges
-Each has a base, shaft, & head
Radiocarpal Joint (articulation,joint type)
-Distal radius & the articular disk of distal radioulnar joint articulate with the proximal row of carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum)
-Condyloid (convex surface of the carpals fit into the concave surface of the distal radius and disc)
-Synovial
Movements of the Radiocarpal Joint
-Flexion
-Extension
-Abduction (radial deviation)
-Adduction (ulnar deviation)
-Cirumduction
-NOTE: pronation/supination does not happen at the radiocarpal joint - try to supinate or pronate while stabilizing your distal radius/ulna
Palmar and Dorsal Radialcarpal Ligaments (articulations)
-Distal Radius <-> Carpal Bones
-On the palmar and dorsal surfaces
Ulnomeniscotriquetral Joint (articulation,joint type,action)
-Ulna articulates with articular disc which articulates with the triquetrum
-Functional Joint
-Synovial
-During flexion & extension at the wrist, disc stays with the radius & ulna and the movement occurs between disc an the carpals
-Primarily involved with pronation and supination during which the disc moves around the distal end of ulna
Midcarpal Joint (articulation,joint type,ligaments)
-Proximal row of carpals articulates with the distal roe of carpals
-Plane
-Synovial
-Dorsal and palmar intercarpal ligaments
Midcarpal Joint (available movements)
-Flexion
-Extension
-Movements of these joints increase the movements at the wrist joint
Intercarpal Joints (articulation,joint type,ligament)
-Articulations between the carpal bones
-Plane
-Synovial
-Interosseous intercarpal ligaments
Carpometacarpal Joints (articulation)
-Distal row of carpals articulates with the proximal row of metacarpals
1st Carpometacarpal Joints
-Trapezium articulated with the base of the 1st metacarpal (which is saddle shaped)
-Saddle
-Synovial
Movements of the thumb
-Flexion: movement that takes the thumb medially along the coronal plane towards the other fingers
-Extension: movement that takes the thumb laterally along the coronal plane away from the other fingers
-Abduction: movement that takes the thumb along the sagittal plane away from the palm
-Adduction: movement that that takes the thumb along the saggital plane towards the palm
NOTE: these movements are opposite to each other
-Circumduction
-Opposition: movement by which the 1st digit pad (thumb) is brought to another digit pad
Carpometacarpal Joints (2nd-5th) (articulation,joint type,ligament)
-Distal row of carpals articulate wit the bases of the metacarpals (2-5)
-Plane
-Synovial
-Very little movement
-Dorsal, Palmar, & Interosseous Ligaments
Intermetacarpal Joints (articulation, joint type, ligaments)
-Articulations between the bases of the medial 4 metacarpals
-Plane
-Synovial
-Interosseous Ligaments
-Between the heads of the medial 4 metacarpals is the deep transverse metacarpal ligament (this hold the heads together)
Metacarpophsalangeal Joints
-heads of the metacarpals articulate with bases of proximal phalanges
-Condyloid
-Synovial
-Flexion
-Extension
-Abduction
-Adduction
-Reference point for abduction and adduction of the fingers is the 3rd finger
-medial & lateral collateral ligaments
-palmar ligaments (palmar plates)
Interphalangeal Joints (articulation, joint type,action,ligaments)
-Head of the proximal phalanx articulates with the base of the next distal phalanx
-Hinge
-Synovial
-Flexion
-Extension
-Medial & Lateral collateral ligaments
What Carpal bone is most commonly dislocated?
Lunate
What Carpal bone is also known as navicular?
Scaphoid
What Carpal bone is most commonly fractured?
Scaphoid
What Carpal bone is completely surrounded by tendon therefore it is a sesamoid?
Pisiform
Hamate is easily identified by anterior projection called __________________.
Hook of Hamate
Flexor Retinaculum attaches laterally to _______________________________ and medially to _____________________________.
tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium, hook of the hamate and pisiform
_____________________ forms a tunnel called carpal tunnel through which structures pass
Retinaculum
Biceps long head travels through the ________________ to proximal attachment - tendon has a sheath to protect it from the ________________ which holds tendon in place during contraction/movement
Bicipital groove, transverse humeral ligament
____________________ (fascia that runs from biceps tendon across the cubital fossa and merges with deep fascia of the anterior forearm) (flexors on the medial side)
Bicipital Aponeurosis
Between the heads of the medial 4 metacarpals is the__________________________.
Deep transverse metacarpal ligament (this hold the heads together)
superior surface of the head of the radius is slightly cup shaped - called the ___________.
Fovea
