Pelvis Bones/Joints/Ligaments Flashcards by Tia Brunelle

Pelvis Functions

-Protect the internal organs
-Transmit forces from upper body onto the lower limb
-Absorb forces from lower limb

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Female Pelvis is _______________ and ________________ than the male pelvis.

Shorter, Wider

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Sacrum

-Wedge-shaped bone between 2 hip bones

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Coccyx

Tailbone (remnant of tail human embryos have until the beginning of 8th week)

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Hip

-2 hip bones
-Each hip bone has 3 regions (separated in newborn (connected with cartilage) fused in early adulthood (15-20yrs))
1. Ilium
2. Ishium
3. Pubis

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What are the 3 regions of hip bone?

Ilium
Ishium
Pubis

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Ilium

(pl. Ilia) (yellow)
-Large, superior part (2/3rds of the bone)

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Ischium

(pl. Ischia) (blue)
-Posterior, Inferior

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Pubis

(pl. Pubes) (red)
-Anterior, Inferior

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What structures pass through the foramen?

-Piriformis
-Sciatic Nerve
-Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

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Lateral View of Pelvis Structures

-Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
-Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)
-Greater sciatic notch (converted into greater sciatic foramen by sacrospinous ligament)
-Body of ilium
-Ischial spine
-Lesser Sciatic notch
-Body of ischium
-Ischial tuberosity “sitting bone”
-Ramus of ischium
-Obturator foramen
-Inferior pubic ramus
-Pubic tubercles
-Superior pubic ramus (ischopubic ramus)
-Acetabulum
-Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
-Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
-Iliac crest (runs from the ASIS to PSIS)
Iliac tubercle (tuberculum) (~5cm posterior to ASIS)

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Obturator Foramen

-Junction of ischium-pubis forms the obturator foramen
-Partly covered by connective tissue membrane
-Opening allows nerves and blood vessels to pass through (obturator vessels and nerve)

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Greater sciatic notch (converted into __________________ by __________________ ligament).

Greater Sciatic Foramen, Sacrospinous

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Acetabulum

-The junction of the Ilium-ischium-pubis forms the acetabulum
-Place where thigh bone (head of femur) articulates with pelvis

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Medial View Pelvis Structures

-Iliac crest
-Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
-Iliac fossa
-Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
-Iliopubic eminence
-Superior pubic ramus
-Pectineal Line (Pectin Pubis)
-Pubic tubercle
-Inferior pubic ramus
-Obturator foramen
-Ramus of Ischium
-Ischial Spine
-Greater sciatic notch
-Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)
-Auricular (ear) surface of the ilium (for articulation with sacrum)
-Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

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Anterior View Pelvis Structures

-Iliac crest
-Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
-Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
-Iliopubic eminence
-Superior pubic ramus
-Obturator foramen
-Pubic tubercle
-Inferior pubic ramus
-Ischial tuberosity
-Pubic symphysis (a.k.a. symphysis pubis)
-Lesser sciatic notch
-Pectineal Line
-Ischial Spine
-Greater sciatic notch
Sacrum

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Each ilium articulates with the ____________.

Sacrum

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Ischiopubic rami

Combined form of ramus of the ischium and the inferior pubic ramus

Inguinal Ligament

The boundary between the lower limb and the abdomen
-ASIS and pubic tubercle are attachments of inguinal ligament
-Inguinal region is the depression between the abdomen and thigh (referred to as groin)

Hip (Coxafemoral Joint)

-Head of femur articulates with the acetabulum
-Synovial
-Multiaxial
-Ball and Socket
-Head of femur projects medially, superiorly, & anteriorly
-Acetabulum projects laterally inferiorly, & anteriorly

Available Motions at Hip Joint

-Flexion
-Extension
-Medial Rotation
-Lateral Rotation
-Abduction
-Adduction

Articular Surface of the Acetabulum

-Horseshoe Shaped

Articular Cartilage

-Covers head of the femur and the horseshoe shaped part of the acetabulum
*Articular cartilage is part of a synovial joint

Ligament of the Head of Femur

-a.k.a ligamentum teres, round ligament, foveal ligament
-Connects head of femur to the acetabulum

Acetabular Labrum

-Fibrocartilagenous lip that attached to the bony rim of acetabulum -Functions to deepen acetabulum (make 'socket' a deeper socket)

Acetabular Fossa

-Centre of acetabulum -Fossa is occupied by fat pad covered with synovium

Acetabular Notch

-Notch between the 2 ends of the horseshoe -Passage for blood vessels

Transverse Ligament of Acetabulum

-Connects (closes) the acetabular notch

Ligaments of the Hip

-All the capsular ligaments of the hip are coiled or twisted as they pass from the pelvis to the femur (in a neutral position) -Extension/hyperextension tightens them further making extension part of the close-packed position and a position of stability in an upright posture -Conversely, full hip flexion with abduction is an unstable position

Iliofemoral Ligament (Y ligament)

Attaches: AIIS, acetabular rim - intertrochanteric line of femur Checks: extension, abduction, lateral rotation

Pubofemoral Ligament

Attaches: superior pubic ramus - iliofemoral ligament Checks: abduction

Ischiofemoral Ligament

Attaches: ischial part of acetabular rim - femoral neck and medial greater trochanter Checks: hyperextension

Trochanteric Bursa

-Between the gluteus maximus muscle and the (postero-lateral) greater trochanter

Ischiogluteal Bursa

-Overlying the ischial tuberosity -Weavers bottom (layman's term for ischiogluteal bursitis) - people weaving would have to extend one leg forward then the other - the repetitive position changes put excessive pressures on the ischial tuberosity and therefore the bursa

Weavers bottom

(layman's term for ischiogluteal bursitis) -People weaving would have to extend one leg forward then the other - the repetitive position changes put excessive pressures on the ischial tuberosity and therefore the bursa

Iliopectineal Bursa

Between the iliopsoas muscle and the iliopubic eminence

Pubic Symphysis (a.k.a. Symphyis Pubis)

-Joint between the 2 pubic bones -Cartilaginous Joint (there is cartilage between 2 ends) -Fibrocartilagenous disc between 2 bones which acts as a shock absorber -Limited movement -Ligaments: superior pubic ligament, inferior pubic ligament

Sacroiliac Joint

-Joints between ilia and sacrum (sacrum is suspended between the ilia) -Synovial Joints (very strong joint - capsule is strong, ligaments are strong, etc.) *Does not fit under specific joint category -Surfaces are irregular in shape and contour (elevations and depressions) which result in. a partial interlocking of the bones -Limited movement (trade mobility for stability) -Ligaments: anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments

Pelvis is held together by _________________.

Ligaments

Ligaments (and the pubic symphysis) progressively _____________ during pregnancy to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal.

Relax

Iliolumbar Ligament

-TVP's L4 & L5 to the posterior iliac crest -Key stabilizer of L5 -Limits/checks/restricts lateral flexion

Sacrotuberous Ligament

-Posterior surface of the sacrum/coccyx to the ischial tuberosity -Stabilizes the SI joint and provides a surface attachment for gluteus maximus

Sacrospinous Ligament

-Lateral sacrum/coccyx to the ischial spine -Converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen