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Anatomy > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which prefix means around?

A

Peri or Circum

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2
Q

Which prefix means within?

A

Intra

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3
Q

What refers to a structure that is closer to the feet or the lower part of the body?

A

Inferior

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4
Q

What refers to something that is further away from its source?

A

Distal (e.g. limbs)

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5
Q

What refers to the same side as the reference point?

A

Ipsilateral

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6
Q

What is an arm like bar of bone?

A

Ramus

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7
Q

What is the principal mass of a structure?

A

Body

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8
Q

What is a smooth nearly flat articular surface?

A

Facet

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9
Q

What is a shallow depression or hollow in a bone?

A

Fossa

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10
Q

What is a narrow slit like opening?

A

Fissure

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11
Q

Movements along the saggital plane happen along what axis?

A

Medial/Lateral

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12
Q

What is a movement along the saggital plane that decreases the angle between body parts?

A

Flexion

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13
Q

What is the reference point for rotations of the spine?

A

Front of the Spine

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14
Q

What do we call joints that are connected by a sheet of fibrous tissue?

A

Fibrous Joint

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15
Q

What joint is in the scull and are tightly packed?

A

Sutures

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16
Q

When you have space between the bones and a sheet of fibrous tissue? (articulation)

A

Syndismosis (sheet of tissue not closely packed like tissues)

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17
Q

What are the features of a synovial joint?

A

Capsule, Cartilage, and Cavity

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18
Q

Which synovial joints are classified as biaxial?

A

Modified Hinge, Saddle

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19
Q

Describe a closed packed position? and what happens with the ligaments?

A

-e.g. Hip joint when you EXTEND, ABDUCT, and INTERNALLY ROTATE.
-Minimizes joint surface/brings everything together.
*MAXIMAL ARTICULAR SURFACE CONTACT
-LIGAMENTS ARE AT THEIR MAXIMUM LENGTH
*INCREASE IN STABILITY & DECREASE IN MOBILITY

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20
Q

Is GH joint supported by ligaments?

A

No, it is mainly supported by muscles

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21
Q

Closed paced position for GH Joint?

A

Maximum Abduction and External Rotation
*GH joint is rarely in a closed packed position

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22
Q

What do we call an area where a tendon inserts into a bone?

A

Tendoperiosteal Junction

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23
Q

What is a sheet like tendon?

A

Aponeurosis

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24
Q

What type of contraction happens when we are trying to control or slow a movement?

A

Eccentric

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25
Q

When there is no movement at the joint and there is an equal force in resistance?

A

Isometric

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26
Q

What do we call muscles that oppose the prime mover?

A

Antagonist

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27
Q

What do we call muscles that assist the prime mover?

A

Synergist

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28
Q

How many tarsal bones are in the foot?

A

7

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29
Q

How many metatarsals bones are in the foot?

A

5

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30
Q

How many phalanges bones are in the foot?

A

14

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31
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

26

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32
Q

Head of Talus articulates with the posterior aspect of which bone?

A

Navicular

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33
Q

What bone articulates with the bases of the 4th and 5th metatarsals?

A

Cuboid

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34
Q

There is a groove on the talus and a groove on the calcaneus and where they fit together creates a hollow on the lateral aspect of the foot. What is this called? *Is where anterior talofibular ligament can be isolated

A

Sinus Tarsi

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35
Q

Where on the foot will you find 2 sesamoid bones?

A

Head of the first metatarsal & plantar surface

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36
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

Bone embedded in a tendon

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37
Q

Inversion & Eversion happen along which plane? and which joint?

A

Frontal/Coronal, Subtaylor joint

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38
Q

Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion happen at which joint?

A

Talocrual

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39
Q

Where else in the body will you see dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

A

Nowhere

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40
Q

Adduction and Abduction of the forefoot happen along which plane?

A

Transverse

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41
Q

Supination is a combination movement comprised of which three movements? (Foot)

A

Plantar Flexion/Inversion/Adduction of the forefoot

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42
Q

Which direction would you have to move from Gerdy’s tubercle to locate the tibial tuberosity?

A

Inferomedial

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43
Q

With Dorsiflexion where does the head of the fibula move?

A

Posterior & Superior *Facet itself is on a oblique angle so as it moves up it moves back

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44
Q

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

A

Hinge (uniaxial)
*Majority of toes are hinge joints

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45
Q

What type of joint is the subtaylor joint?

A

Plane (uniaxial)
*Majority of intertarsal joints are plane

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46
Q

Ball and socket joint in the foot is the __________________.

A

Talocalcaneonavicular

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47
Q

Majority of metasarsalphalangeal joints are?

A

Condoloyid

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48
Q

Which ligament in the ankle helps to restrict eversion?

A

Deltoid Ligament (Vertical Fibres)
*Vertical fibres would restrict straight up eversion, anterior fibres would restrict plantar flexion with eversion, & posterior fibres would restrict dorsiflexion with eversion

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49
Q

Which Ligament would restrict plantar flexion with eversion

A

Anterior Tibiotaylor & tibionavicular (anterior fibres)
*Vertical fibres would restrict straight up eversion, anterior fibres would restrict plantar flexion with eversion, & posterior fibres would restrict dorsiflexion with eversion

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50
Q

Which Ligament would restrict dorsiflexion with eversion?

A

Posterior tibiotaylor (posterior fibres)
*Vertical fibres would restrict straight up eversion, anterior fibres would restrict plantar flexion with eversion, & posterior fibres would restrict dorsiflexion with eversion

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51
Q

Which actions are restricted by the anterior taylorfibular ligament (ATFL)?

A

Inversion with plantarflexion

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52
Q

Which Ligament in the ankle restricts straight up inversion? *It runs between calcaneus and lateral malleolus?

A

Calcaneofibular Ligament

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53
Q

What 4 things maintain the arches of the foot?

A
  1. Shape of the interlocking bones/the way they fit together (primary)
  2. Ligaments
  3. Fascisa
  4. Muscles
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54
Q

What is the theory of the windlass mechanism of the foot?

A

-Fascia runs from the medial calcaneotubercle crossing over the metatarsalphalangeal joints into the toes therefore extension of the toes will tighten the plantar fascia and draw the calcaneus forward increasing the longitudinal arches of the foot

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55
Q

Which three directions does the head of the femur face?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Superior
  3. Medial
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56
Q

What is the rough ridge with 2 lips running down the posterior surface of the femur?

A

Linea Aspera

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57
Q

What is the roughened area at the superior portion of the lateral lip of the linea aspera? and what attaches there?

A

Gluteal Tuberosity, Gluteus Maximus (1/4% of the fibres)

58
Q

What muscle is responsible for unlocking the screw home mechanism of the knee?

A

Popliteus
*As the leg is fully extended the tibia rotates laterally at the very end of the range that locks the knee into the stability and therefore popliteus has to do medial rotation to unlock it and realign the bones

59
Q

Which 2 muscles share a common distal attachment at the base of the first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform?

A

Fibularis Longus & Tibialis Anterior

60
Q

What do all muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg do?

A

Dorsiflexion

61
Q

Would palpating across from medial to lateral across the dorsum of the ankle what is the first tendon you will run into?

A

Tibialis Anterior —–> Extensor Hallusis Longus —–> Extensor Digitorum Longus

62
Q

What holds the tendons back and prevents bowing as the muscles are contracting?

A

Retinacula

63
Q

What 2 actions would you have to do if you were to stretch your gastrocnemius?

A

Dorsiflexion & Extension

64
Q

If you would like to isolate Soleus?

A

Knee Flexion

65
Q

What tendon attaches onto the navicular tuberosity?

A

Tibialis Posterior

66
Q

What do we call the area between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus where those tendons of the deep compartment pass through?

A

Tarsal Tunnel

67
Q

What is the only muscle present in the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis
*Resides directly over cuboid and extends the toes is shorter than EDL

68
Q

Dorsal Interossei do what movement?

A

Abduct

69
Q

Plantar Interossei do what movement?

A

Adduct

70
Q

Which Direction does the patella move during extension in the knee?

A

Superior & Lateral

71
Q

What is the term denoting lateral deviation of the distal bone or bones of the joint?

A

Valgus

72
Q

Which Ligament is affected by Varus Forces in the knee?

A

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

73
Q

Which 3 structures make up the terrible triad?

A

ACL, MCL, & Medial Meniscus

74
Q

Which Ligament is likely affected if your patient is having pain while they are walking up stairs?

A

ACL
*ACL = Ascending

75
Q

What secures the menisci on to their respective tibial plateaus?

A

Coronary ligaments

76
Q

Which three structures pass through the greater sciatic notch?

A
  1. Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
  2. Piriformis
  3. Greater Sciatic Notch
77
Q

Which Bony Landmark is located 5cm posterior to the ASIS on the outer lip of the iliac crest?

A

Iliac tubercle

78
Q

What are the attachment points of the inguinal ligament?

A

ASIS & Pubic Tubercle

79
Q

What do we call the meeting point of the 2 medial ends of the pubic bones and the disk in between?

A

Pubic Symphysis

80
Q

What do we call the fibrocartilaginous lip that attaches to the bony rim of the acetabulum?

A

Acetabular Labrum

81
Q

Which Bursa is inflamed if you have weavers bottom?

A

Ishiogluteal Bursa

82
Q

Which ligament converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinus Ligament

83
Q

Which 2 muscles attach into the iliotibial band?

A

TFL & Glute Max

84
Q

What is the Prime Mover for Hip Flexion?

A

Iliopsoas

85
Q

What happens if we have a weak gluteus medius?

A

Trendelemburg Gait

86
Q

What action can be performed by Piriformis when the hip is flexed greater than 60deg?

A

Medial Rotation

87
Q

Which bursa is inflamed if you have housemaids knee?

A

Subcutaneous Prepatellar Bursa

88
Q

Which bursa is inflamed if you have clergyman’s knee or Carpet layers knee?

A

Subcutaneous Infrapatellar Bursa

89
Q

What is the layman’s term for bursitis at bursa deep to IT band? and what is the medical term?

A

Layman’s Term: Runners Knee
Medical Term: IT Band Friction Syndrome

90
Q

Which bursa is inflamed if you have Bakers Cyst?

A

Medial Semimembranosus Bursa

91
Q

What muscle helps to prevent excessive lateral tracking of the patella?

A

Vastus Medialis Obliques

92
Q

Which three muscle tendons make up the pes anserine?

A
  1. Semitendinosus
  2. Gracillis
  3. Sartorious
93
Q

Which muscle resides in the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Pectinous

94
Q

What is the only adductor to cross the knee?

A

Gracillis

95
Q

What is the most medial of all the adductors?

A

Gracillis

96
Q

Which of the adductors attaches onto the adductor tubercle?

A

Adductor Magnus (posterior fibres)

97
Q

What action can biceps femoris perform at the knee along the transverse plane?

A

Lateral Rotation

98
Q

What do we sometimes call the medial end of the clavicle?

A

Sternal End

99
Q

What do we sometimes call the lateral end of the clavicle?

A

Acromial End

100
Q

Where on the thorax should the scapula reside? (between which ribs?)

A

Ribs 2 to 7/8

101
Q

What to we sometimes call the medial border of the scapula? (*because it is closer to the spine)

A

Vertebral Border

102
Q

What to we sometimes call the lateral border of the scapula?

A

Axillary Border

103
Q

What do we call the medial end of spine of scapula?

A

The ‘root’

104
Q

What do we call a gliding motion with the scapula moving towards the spine?

A

Retraction

105
Q

What is the reference point for upward and downward rotation?

A

Glenoid Fossa

106
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle

107
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane

108
Q

What is the space between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus called?

A

Bicipital Groove

109
Q

What resides right in the floor of the bicipital groove?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

110
Q

What tendon runs over top of Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Longhead biceps

111
Q

What is the most distal end of the humerus on the lateral side? (*part that articulates with head of radius)

A

Capitulum

112
Q

What do we call the inferior weak spot in the glenohumeral joint capsule?

A

Axillary Recess

113
Q

What do we call the anterior weak spot in the glenohumeral joint capsule?

A

Foramen of Weitbrecht

114
Q

Scaption is a movement that happens equally between which 2 movements?

A

Flexion & Abduction/Scaption

115
Q

Following the theory of scapuhumeral rhythm between 15 & 120deg of abduction what is the ratio?

A

2 to 1 *For every 2 deg of abduction you should get 1deg of upward rotation

116
Q

During abduction of the humerus what action must happen in order for you to get full ROM? (*so that greater tubercle can get clear the coracoacromial arch)

A

External Rotation

117
Q

Which 2 superficial back muscles share a common medial attachment? and what is the common medial attachment?

A

-Rhomboids & Middle Traps
-Medial Attachment: T7-T5

118
Q

What action can upper trapezius perform at the head and neck along the transverse plane?

A

Contralateral Rotation

119
Q

What is the Superior Attachment of Levator Scapula?

A

TVP of C1-C4

120
Q

Which 2 muscles work together to depress the scapula?

A

Pectoralis Minor & Lower Traps

121
Q

What Muscle is likely weak if you have a winging scapula?

A

Serratus Anterior

122
Q

Which of the rotator cuff muscles are responsible for internal rotation?

A

Subscapularis

123
Q

Which of the rotator cuff muscles are responsible for abduction?

A

Supraspinatus
*Starts to abduct before deltoids take over

124
Q

Which of the rotator cuff muscles are responsible for external rotation?

A

Teres Minor and Infraspinatus

125
Q

Which muscle uses listers tubercle as a pully?

A

Extensor Pollucis Longus

126
Q

Which Ligament holds the head of the radius against the ulna?

A

Annular Ligament

127
Q

What is the primary function of coracobrachiallis?

A

Adduction

128
Q

Which muscle is the prime mover for elbow flexion when you are in pronation?

A

Brachioradialis

129
Q

Which of the carpal bones articulates with the bases of the 4th & 5th metacarpals?

A

Hamate

130
Q

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A

Condyloid

131
Q

What type of joint is the first carpal/metacarpal joint?

A

Saddle

132
Q

Abduction & Adduction of the thumb happen along which plane?

A

Saggital

133
Q

Of the 2 tendons in the midline of the wrist which one is the more medial of the 2?

A

Palmaris Longus

134
Q

Which muscle attaches to the bases of the second and third metacarpals on the anterior surface?

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis

135
Q

The ulnar nerve runs between the heads of which muscle?

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

136
Q

Which muscle holds the distal radius and ulna together at the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Pronator Quadratus

137
Q

Which nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

Median Nerve

138
Q

What is your prime mover for elbow flexion when your forearm is in neutral?

A

Brachioradialis

139
Q

What is the name of the muscle that branches of of extensor digitorum to act on the 5th digit?

A

Extensor digiti minimi

140
Q

Which 2 tendons make up the anterior border of the anatomical snuff box?

A

Abductor Pollucis Longus and Extensor Pollucis Brevis

Anatomy (22 decks)

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