Foot Ligaments and Joints Flashcards
Calcaneofibular Ligament
Attaches: Lateral Malleolus - Lateral Calcaneus
Checks: Inversion
Subcutaneous Calcaneal
Between Achilles Tendon and the overlying skin
Subtendinous
Between Achilles Tendon and the Calcaneus
Subtalar Joint
Inferior aspect articulates with superior Calcaneus
-Synovial
-Plane
Movements: Inversion - Eversion
Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
Articulation between: Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular
-Synovial
-Ball and Socket
-Increase inversion/eversion range
Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring Ligament)
Attaches: Sustentaculum Tali - Posteroinferior surface of the navicular
-Helps maintain medial longitudinal arch by supporting head of talus
-If ligament is stretched, head of Talus can sink resulting in Pes Planus (flat foot)
Flat Foot
Pes Planus
High Arch
Pes Cavus
Calcaneocuboid Joint
-Articulation between Calcaneus and Cuboid
-Synovial
-Plane
Long Plantar Ligament
Attaches: Plantar surface of the Calcaneus - Cuboid and bases of 2nd, 3rd,4th MTs.
-Helps maintain arches in foot
Transverse Tarsal joint (Midtarsal Joint)
Movements: Inversion, Eversion
-Helps increase inversion/eversion range by allowing abduction and adduction of the forefoot
Talocalcaneonavicular Joint & Calcaneocuboid Joint are sometimes referred to as
Midtarsal joint
Intertarsal, Tarsometatarsal & Intermetatarsal Joints
-Synovial
-Plane
-Little movement at 2nd tarsometatarsal joint
Movements:
-Limited due to tight binding by the ligaments
-Bases of the 2nd through 5th metatarsals are firmly bound by ligaments
The Metatarsophalangeal Joints
-Head of metatarsals articulate with the bases of the proximal phlalanges
-Synovial
-Condyloid
Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
Supporting Ligaments:
-Collateral ligaments on either side of the joints
-Plantar surface of joint capsules are thickened to form the plantar plates
Interphalangeal Joints
-Head of phalanx articulates with the base of the phalanx distal to it
-Synovial
-Hinge
Movements: flexion, extension
Supporting Ligaments: Collateral ligaments
Arches of the foot
-Bones of the foot form arches which act as shock absorbers
What are the arches of the foot?
- Medial longitudinal arch
- Lateral longitudinal arch
- Transverse arch
Arches are maintained by
- Shape of the interlocking bones
- Ligaments
- Fascia
- Action of the muscles
Medial Longitudinal Arch
Bones: Calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuniforms, metatarsals 1-3
-Arch does not normally come in contact with the ground
-More involved in propulsion than weight bearing
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Bones: Calcaneus, cuboid, metatarsals 4,5
-More invoved in weight bearing than propulsion
Transverse Arch
-Involves whole length of foot
Anterior Portion: Head of 1st MT to head of 5thMT
Middle Portion: Cuneiform #1 to Cuboid
Posterior Portion: Navicular to Cuboid
Plantar Fascia (Plantar Aponeurosis)
-Thick, central fascia on sole of foot
Attaches: Medial Calcaneal Tubricle - Proximal Phalanx of each toe
-Continuous with fascia of the calf
Windlass Mechanism
-As toes extend the plantar fascia tightens
-It pulls calcaneus anteriorly and elevates the arches putting the foot into supination
-Occurs whether the acton is active, passive, weight bearing or non-weight bearing
During windlass mechanism why does plantar fascia tighten when toes extend?
Because it crosses the MTPs
