Knee Bones/Joints/Ligaments Flashcards
Patella
-Triangle Shaped Sesamoid
-Bone in tendon of the quad (Specifically Rec Fem)
Sesamoid
A bone embedded in a tendon (usually shaped like a sesame seed)
Patella (Anterior View)
-Base (the flat superior edge)
-Apex (the more pointed inferior edge)
Patella (Posterior View)
-Vertical Ridge
-Medial Articular Facet
-Lateral Articular Facet
*Facets articulate with the patellar surface of the femur and the medial and lateral condyles of the femur
What are the three articulations of the knee?
- Lateral condyle of the tibia articulates with the lateral femoral condyle
- Medial condyle of the tibia articulates with the medial femoral condyle
- Patella articulates with the femur
Available Movements of the Knee
-Flexion
-Extension
-Internal Rotation (Limited)
-External Rotation (Limited)
*Rotation occurs ONLY when Knee is flexed
Tibiofemoral Joint
-Medial and Lateral Condyles of the tibia articulate with the medial and lateral femoral condyles
-Synovial
-Modified Hinge (because it allows for some rotation)
-Biaxial
Patellofemoral Joint
-Medial and Lateral facets of the patella articulate with the patellar surface of the femur
-Synovial
-Plane
-Patella moves down (inferiorly) during flexion and up (superiorly and laterally) during extension
*The lateral femoral condyle projects farther (anteriorly) than the medial femoral condyle
*This more anterior prominence of the lateral femoral condyle prevents the patella from tracking too far laterally
The __________ femoral condyle projects farther (anteriorly) than the __________ femoral condyle
Lateral, Medial
This more anterior prominence of the lateral femoral condyle prevents the _____________ from tracking too far ___________.
Patella, Laterally
Valgus
Lateral deviation of the distal bone(s) of a joint
-When knee is fixed and the tibia (specifically the distal end) has deviated laterally (relative to knee)
-a.k.a. Knock-Knee
Varus
(return) Medial deviation of the distal bone of a joint
-When the knee is fixed and the tibia (specifically the distal end) has deviated medially (relative to the knee)
-a.k.a. bow-leg
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) (fibular collateral ligament)
-Attached: lateral epicondyle of the femur - fibular
head
-checks/restricts VARUS deviation
-“pencil-like” (easier to palpate)
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) (tibial collateral ligament)
-Attaches: medial epicondyle of femur - medial condyle of the tibia
-checks/restricts VALGUS deviation
-it is a flat thickening of the joint capsule
-the deep fibres of the ligament are attached to the medial meniscus
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
-Attaches: medial epicondyle of the femur - medial condyle of the tibia
-checks/restricts valgus deviation
-it is a flat thickening of the joint capsule
-the deep fibres of the ligament are attached to the medial meniscus
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
-Attaches: posterior intercondylar area of the tibia - anterior and lateral side of the medial femoral condyle
-slack when the knee is extended and taut when the knee is in full flexion
-checks posterior translation of the tibia on the femur (or anterior translation of the femur on the tibia) and knee flexion
Cruciate ligaments are named for __________________.
Where they attach on the tibia. (i.e. the anterior cruciate ligament attaches anteriorly on the tibia)
Medial and Lateral Coronary Ligaments (Attachments)
-Attach the medial and lateral menisci to their respective tibial plateaus
Menisci of the knee
-C-shaped plated of fibrocartilage attached to the articular surfaces of the tibia
-Centre is thinner than the outer edges
-Slightly mobile and and aid in the spreading of synovial fluid during knee movement
-Function: shock absorbers
-Function: deepen the articulation (provide more stable articulation between the tibia and the femur
-ends of the C-shape are called horns
-medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament
What is the terrible triad?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Medial Meniscus
2 menisci are connected anteriorly by the _____________.
Transverse Ligament of the Knee
Menisci of the knee (Function)
-Function: shock absorbers
-Function: deepen the articulation (provide more stable articulation between the tibia and the femur
Menisci of the knee (Attachments)
-C-shaped plated of fibrocartilage attached to the articular surfaces of the tibia
-Medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (Attachments)
-Attaches: posterior intercondylar area of the tibia - anterior and lateral side of the medial femoral condyle
