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Anatomy > Bones & Movement Terminology of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Bones & Movement Terminology of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Area between greater trochanter and the iliac crest

A

Hip

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2
Q

Area between the greater trochanter and the knee

A

Thigh

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3
Q

Segment of the inferior limb between the knee and the ankle

A

Leg

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4
Q

How many bones are in the foot?

A

26

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5
Q

What are the three sections of bones in the foot?

A
  1. Tarsal Bones
  2. Metatarsal Bones
  3. Phalanges
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6
Q

How many tarsal bones are there?

A

7

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7
Q

How many metatarsal bones are there?

A

5

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8
Q

How many phalanges are there?

A

14

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9
Q

Dorsal Surface

A

Top of foot

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10
Q

Plantar Surface

A

Sole of foot

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11
Q

Most Proximal bone of the foot

A

Talus

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12
Q

What is the top of talus called?

A

Trochlea

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13
Q

Medial aspect of talus is the facet for?

A

Medial malleolus

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14
Q

Lateral aspect of the talus is the facet for?

A

Lateral malleolus

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15
Q

The body of the talus is what portion of the bone?

A

Posterior portion

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16
Q

The head of the talus is the most?

A

Anterior portion

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17
Q

Largest and strongest of the foot bones

A

Calcaneus

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18
Q

What part of the calcaneus contacts the ground?

A

Tuberosity

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19
Q

What are the processes called on the calcaneus?

A

Medial and lateral tubercle

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20
Q

Medially projecting shelf of the calcaneus that supports part of the talus

A

Sustentaculum tali

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21
Q

On the calcaneus what is the small tubercle anterior and inferior to the tip of the lateral malleolus

A

Fibular (peroneal) and trochlea (tubercle)

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22
Q

A hollow on the lateral aspect of the foot formed by the groove of the talus and the groove of the calcaneus

A

Sinus Tarsi

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23
Q

Navicular

A

-Medial aspect of foot
-Articulates posteriorly with the talus
-Articulates anteriorly with the 3 cuneiform’s

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24
Q

Cuniforms

A

-1st, 2nd, 3rd OR medial, intermediate, lateral
-They articulate with the numerically corresponding metatarsal

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25
Q

Cuboid

A

-Lateral aspect of foot
-Groove for peroneus longus tendon
-Articulates anteriorly with the 4th and 5th metatarsals
-Articulates posteriorly with the calcaneus

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26
Q

Metatarsals

A
  • 1st. - 5th.
    -Base (Proximal end), Shaft, Head (distal end)
    -Tuberosity of the 5th is located on the lateral side of base
    1st Mt - 2 Sesamoid bones
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27
Q

Bone embedded in a tendon

A

Sesamoid

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28
Q

Phalanges

A

-Total 14
-Base ( proximal end)
-Head (distal end)
-3 bones per toe except the 1st (only 2)

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29
Q

Hindfoot

A

Talus and Calcaneus

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30
Q

Midfooot

A

Navicular, cuboid, & 3 cuneiforms

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31
Q

Forefoot

A

5 MTs and 14 phalanges

32
Q

Ball of Foot

A

Padded portion of the sole of the foot at the metatarsal heads

33
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Dorsal of the foot moves superiorly
Foot up or bending knee over toe

34
Q

What plane and axis is dorsiflexion

A

Sagittal Pane, M-L axis

35
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Plantar surface of the foot moves inferiorly
Point toe or relever

36
Q

What plane and axis is plantar flexion

A

Sagittal plane, M-L axis

37
Q

Inversion

A

Movement of the sole of the foot towards the midsagittal plane

38
Q

What plane and axis is inversion

A

Frontal plane, A-P axis

39
Q

What plane and axis Eversion

A

Frontal plane, A-P axis

40
Q

Eversion

A

Movement of the sole of the foot away from the midsagittal plane

41
Q

Abduction of the forefoot

A

Movement of the forefoot away from the midline of the body

42
Q

What plane and axis is abduction of the forefoot

A

Transverse plane, vertical axis

43
Q

What plane and axis is adduction of the forefoot

A

Transverse plane, vertical axis

44
Q

Adduction of the forefoot

A

Movement of the forefoot towards from the midline of the body

45
Q

Pronation

A

A combination movement of dorsiflexion, eversion, forefoot abduction

46
Q

Supination

A

Combination movement of plantar flexion, inversion, forefoot adduction

47
Q

Tibia

A

-Shin Bone
-Primary weight bearing bone in leg

48
Q

Fibula

A

-Carries 1/6th body weight

49
Q

Fibula (Anterior View)

A

-Apex
-Head
-Neck
-Shaft
-Interosseous border
-lateral malleolus

50
Q

Lateral Malleolus

A

Lateral projection of your ankle

51
Q

Tibia (Anterior View)

A
  • Lateral Condyle
    -Intercondylar Eminence
    -Medial Condyle
    -Medial and lateral condyles articulate with the femoral condyles
    -Shaft
    -Interosseous border
    -Medial Malleolus
52
Q

Gerdy’s Tubricle (Lateral Tibial Tubercle)

A

Large prominence lateral and superior to the tibial tuberosity

53
Q

Tibia (Posterior View)

A

-Lateral Condyle
-Intercondylar Eminence
-Medial Condyle
-Shaft
-Interosseous Border
-Medial Malleolus
-Soleal Line

54
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

A

Head of fibula articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia
-Flat oval/circular facet on the fibular head which articulates with a similar facet on the tibia
-Synovial
-Plane

55
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Movements (Dorsiflexion)

A

Limited superior and posterior glide

56
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Movements (Plantar Flexion)

A

Limited inferior and anterior glide

57
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Ligament Attaches (Anterior Ligament of the Fibularhead)

A

Anterior proximal tibia to anterior proximal fibula

58
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Ligament Attaches (Posterior Ligament of the Fibularhead)

A

Posterior proximal tibia to posterior proximal fibula

59
Q

Distal Tibiofibular Joint

A

-Distal end of fibula articulates with the distal end of the tibia
-Fibrous

60
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Strong connective tissue between the tibia and the fibula which thickens at the distal end

61
Q

Distal Tibiofibular Joint Attaches (Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament)

A

Anterior distal tibia to anterior distal fibula

62
Q

Distal Tibiofibular Joint Attaches (Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament)

A

Posterior distal tibia to posterior distal fibula

63
Q

Talocrural Joint

A

-Distal end of the tibia and fibula articulate with the trochlea of the talus
-Synovial
-Hinge

64
Q

Talocrural Joint Movements

A

Only dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

65
Q

Deltoid Ligament

A

-Four Ligaments (anterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, posterior tibiotalar)
-Attaches: Medial malleolus to tarsal bones of the medial foot
-Checks: Eversion of the ankle
-Very strong ligament and focused attachment point on the medial malleolus can lead to an avulsion fracture

66
Q

Anterior Fibres of the Deltoid Ligament

A

Eversion with Plantar Flexion

67
Q

Posterior Fibres of the Deltoid Ligament

A

Eversion with Dorsiflexion

68
Q

Vertical Fibres

A

Eversion in Neutral

69
Q

ATFL

A

Inversion with Plantar Flexion

70
Q

Calcaneofibular of the Deltoid Ligament

A

Inversion in Neutral

71
Q

Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)

A

-Attaches: Lateral Malleolus to Neck of the Talus
-Checks/Restricts: Inversion
-Palpated through sinus tarsi
-Most commonly injured ligament in the foot

72
Q

Calcaneofibular Ligament

A

Attaches: Lateral Malleolus to Lateral Calcaneus
Checks: Inversion

73
Q

Subcutaneous Calcaneal

A

Between the achilles tendon and the overlying skin

74
Q

Subtendinous Calcaneal

A

Between the achilles tendon and the calcaneus

75
Q

Subtalar Joint

A

-Inferior aspect of the talus articulates with the superior calcaneus
-Synovial
-Plane

76
Q

Subtalar Joint Movements

A

-Inversion
-Eversion

77
Q

Talocalcaneonavicular Joint

A

-Articulation between talus calcaneus and navicular joint
-synovial
-ball and socket
-helps increase inversion/eversion range

Anatomy (22 decks)

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