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Anatomy > Elbow Joint, Ligament, Muscles > Flashcards

Elbow Joint, Ligament, Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Elbow Joint Articulation (Humeroulnar)

A

-Anteriorly, trochlea of humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna
-Posteriorly, olecranon articulates with the olecranon fossa (in full extension)

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2
Q

Elbow Joint Articulation (Humeroradial)

A

-Capitulum, articulates with the head of the radius (the superior surface of the head of the radius is slightly cup shaped - called the fovea)

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3
Q

Elbow Joint Articulation Humeroradial & Humeroradial (Joint/Action)

A

-Hinge
-Synovial
-Very Stable
-Flexion & Extension

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4
Q

Collateral Ligaments

A

-Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament
-Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligaments

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5
Q

Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament

A

Lateral Epicondyle <-> Annular Ligament of the Radius

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6
Q

Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligaments

A

Medial Epicondyle <-> Coronoid Process, Olecranon Process

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7
Q

Olecranon Bursa

A

Between the olecranon and the overlying skin

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8
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

A

-Head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna
-Synovial
-Pivot
-Allows for movement of head of the radius against the ulna (head rotates within the ring formed by annular ligament)
-Pronation/Supination

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9
Q

Pronation & Supination

A

Used to describe rotational motions of the forearm - Mainly radius that moves

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10
Q

Pronation

A

Palms faces down

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11
Q

Supination

A

Palms faces up

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12
Q

Annular Ligament

A

U-Shaped ligament runs from anterior surface of radial notch around head of radius to posterior surface of radial notch - holds head of radius in place

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13
Q

‘Slipped Elbow’

A

Preschool kids can get ‘slipped elbow’ from forceful traction of the pronated forearm

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14
Q

Distal Radioulnar joint

A

-Head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of the radius
-Pivot
-Synovial
-Allows for movement of radius around a relatively fixed ulna
-Pronation/Supination
-Articular disk binds distal radius and ulna together
*Ulna does NOT directly articulate with carpal bones
*Between radius & ulna is interosseous membrane helps to stabilize the 2 bones and proximal/distal radioulnar joints

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15
Q

Palmar and Dorsal Radioulnar Ligaments Attachments

A

Distal Ulna <-> Distal radius

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16
Q

Coracobrachialis (Attachments)

A

Superior/Proximal Attachment: Coracoid Process
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Middle, medial humerus

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17
Q

Coracobrachialis (Action)

A

-G-H Adduction
-G-H Flexion (Weak)

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18
Q

Biceps Brachii (Biceps = 2 heads, Brachii = Arm) (Attachments)

A

-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Long Head): Supraglenoid tubercle
Biceps long head travels through the bicipital groove to proximal attachment - tendon has a sheath to protect it from the transverse humeral ligament which holds tendon in place during contraction/movement
-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Short Head): Coracoid Process
-Inferior/Distal Attachment: Radial Tuberosity (when forearm is pronated, biceps wrap more than 1/2 way around radius), bicipital aponeurosis (fascia that runs from biceps tendon across the cubital fossa and merges with deep fascia of the anterior forearm) (flexors on the medial side)

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19
Q

Biceps Brachii (Biceps = 2 heads, Brachii = Arm) (Action)

A

-G-H flexion
-Elbow flexion - Prime mover in supination (weak when the forearm is pronated
-Forearm Supination (proximal & distal radioulnar joints)

20
Q

Brachialis (Attachment)

A

Superior/Proximal Attachment: Anterior distal 1/2 of the humerus
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Ulnar tuberosity, coronoid process

21
Q

Brachialis (Action)

A

elbow flexion (prime mover in pronation)

22
Q

Triceps Brachii (Triceps = 3 Heads, Brachii = Arm) (Attachments)

A

-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Long Head): Infraglenoid Tubricle
-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Lateral Head): Posterior Proximal Humerus (superior to the radial groove)
-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Medial Head): Posterior Distal Humerus (inferior to the radial groove)
-Inferior/Distal Attachment: Olecranon Process

23
Q

Triceps Brachii (Triceps = 3 Heads, Brachii = Arm) (Action)

A

-Action (long head): G-H extension
-Action (all heads): elbow extension

24
Q

Anconeus (Attachment)

A

-Superior/Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle
-Inferior/Distal Attachment: Olecranon Process

25
_____________ is technically part of the forearm but is functionally related to triceps.
Anconeus
26
Anconeus (Action)
Elbow Extension (assists triceps)
27
How many bones are in the hand?
-Carpal Bones (8) -Metacarpals (5) -Phalanges (14) -Total 27 bones - compared to foot which has 26
28
Carpal Bones
8 Carpal Bones (2 rows of 4 bones each) *NOTE to remember bones: Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Candle -Scaphoid -Lunate -Truquetrum -Pisiform -Trapezium -Trapezoid -Capitate -Hamate
29
Carpal Bones Proximal Row (from lateral to medial)
-Scaphoid (sometimes called navicular) (including it's tubercle) (boat shaped) (Most commonly fractured) -Lunate (moon shaped) (most commonly dislocated) -Triquetrum (pyramid shaped) -Pisiform - easily palpable (completely surrounded by tendon - therefore it's a sesamoid bone)
30
Carpal Bones Distal Row (from lateral to medial)
-Trapezium (including it's tubercle) -Trapezoid -Capitate (has a rounded head) -Hamate - easily identified by the anterior projection called the hook of the hamate
31
Carpal Tunnel
-There is a natural anterior concavity formed by the carpal bones -Flexor Retinaculum attaches laterally to tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and medially to hook of the hamate and pisiform -Retinaculum forms a tunnel called carpal tunnel through which structures pass
32
5 Metacarpals
-Each has a base, a shaft & a head -Head of the 1st metacarpal has sesamoid bones
33
14 Phalanges
-Each has a base, shaft, & a head
34
Radiocarpal Joint
-Distal radius & the articular disk of distal radioulnar joint articulate with the proximal row of carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum) -Condyloid (convex surface of the carpals fit into the concave surface of the distal radius and disc) -Synovial
35
Movements of the Radiocarpal Joint
-Flexion -Extension -Abduction (radial deviation) -Adduction (ulnar deviation) -Cirumduction -NOTE: pronation/supination does not happen at the radiocarpal joint - try to supinate or pronate while stabilizing your distal radius/ulna
36
Palmar and Dorsal Radialcarpal Ligaments
-Distal Radius <-> Carpal Bones -On the palmar and dorsal surfaces
37
Ulnomeniscotriquetral Joint
-Ulna articulates with articular disc which articulates with the triquetrum -Functional Joint -Synovial -During flexion & extension at the wrist, disc stays with the radius & ulna and the movement occurs between disc an the carpals -Primarily involved with pronation and supination during which the disc moves around the distal end of ulna
38
Midcarpal Joint
-Proximal row of carpals articulates with the distal roe of carpals -Plane -Synovial -Dorsal and palmar intercarpal ligaments
39
Midcarpal Joint (available movements)
-Flexion -Extension -Movements of these joints increase the movements at the wrist joint
40
Intercarpal Joints
-Articulations between the carpal bones -Plane -Synovial -Interosseous intercarpal ligaments
41
Carpometacarpal Joints
-Distal row of carpals articulates with the proximal row of metacarpals
42
1st Carpometacarpal Joints
-Trapezium articulated with the base of the 1st metacarpal (which is saddle shaped) -Saddle -Synovial
43
Movements of the thumb
-Flexion: movement that takes the thumb medially along the coronal plane towards the other fingers -Extension: movement that takes the thumb laterally along the coronal plane away from the other fingers -Abduction: movement that takes the thumb along the sagittal plane away from the palm -Adduction: movement that that takes the thumb along the saggital plane towards the palm NOTE: these movements are opposite to each other -Circumduction -Opposition: movement by which the 1st digit pad (thumb) is brought to another digit pad
44
Carpometacarpal Joints (2nd-5th)
-Distal row of carpals articulate wit the bases of the metacarpals (2-5) -Plane -Synovial -Very little movement -Dorsal, Palmar, & Interosseous Ligaments
45
Intermetacarpal Joints
-Articulations between the bases of the medial 4 metacarpals -Plane -Synovial -Interosseous Ligaments -Between the heads of the medial 4 metacarpals is the deep transverse metacarpal ligament (this hold the heads together)
46
Metacarpophsalangeal Joints
-heads of the metacarpals articulate with bases of proximal phalanges -Condyloid -Synovial -Flexion -Extension -Abduction -Adduction -Reference point for abduction and adduction of the fingers is the 3rd finger -medial & lateral collateral ligaments -palmar ligaments (palmar plates)
47
Interphalangeal Joints
-Head of the proximal phalanx articulates with the base of the next distal phalanx -Hinge -Synovial -Flexion -Extension -Medial & Lateral collateral ligaments

Anatomy (22 decks)

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