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Anatomy > Elbow Joint, Ligament, Muscles > Flashcards

Elbow Joint, Ligament, Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Elbow Joint Articulation (Humeroulnar)

A

-Anteriorly, trochlea of humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna
-Posteriorly, olecranon articulates with the olecranon fossa (in full extension)

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2
Q

Elbow Joint Articulation (Humeroradial)

A

-Capitulum, articulates with the head of the radius (the superior surface of the head of the radius is slightly cup shaped - called the fovea)

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3
Q

Elbow Joint Articulation Humeroradial & Humeroradial (Joint/Action)

A

-Hinge
-Synovial
-Very Stable
-Flexion & Extension

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4
Q

Collateral Ligaments

A

-Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament
-Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligaments

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5
Q

Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament

A

Lateral Epicondyle <-> Annular Ligament of the Radius

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6
Q

Medial (Ulnar) Collateral Ligaments

A

Medial Epicondyle <-> Coronoid Process, Olecranon Process

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7
Q

Olecranon Bursa

A

Between the olecranon and the overlying skin

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8
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

A

-Head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna
-Synovial
-Pivot
-Allows for movement of head of the radius against the ulna (head rotates within the ring formed by annular ligament)
-Pronation/Supination

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9
Q

Pronation & Supination

A

Used to describe rotational motions of the forearm - Mainly radius that moves

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10
Q

Pronation

A

Palms faces down

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11
Q

Supination

A

Palms faces up

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12
Q

Annular Ligament

A

U-Shaped ligament runs from anterior surface of radial notch around head of radius to posterior surface of radial notch - holds head of radius in place

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13
Q

‘Slipped Elbow’

A

Preschool kids can get ‘slipped elbow’ from forceful traction of the pronated forearm

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14
Q

Distal Radioulnar joint

A

-Head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of the radius
-Pivot
-Synovial
-Allows for movement of radius around a relatively fixed ulna
-Pronation/Supination
-Articular disk binds distal radius and ulna together
*Ulna does NOT directly articulate with carpal bones
*Between radius & ulna is interosseous membrane helps to stabilize the 2 bones and proximal/distal radioulnar joints

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15
Q

Palmar and Dorsal Radioulnar Ligaments Attachments

A

Distal Ulna <-> Distal radius

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16
Q

Coracobrachialis (Attachments)

A

Superior/Proximal Attachment: Coracoid Process
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Middle, medial humerus

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17
Q

Coracobrachialis (Action)

A

-G-H Adduction
-G-H Flexion (Weak)

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18
Q

Biceps Brachii (Biceps = 2 heads, Brachii = Arm) (Attachments)

A

-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Long Head): Supraglenoid tubercle
Biceps long head travels through the bicipital groove to proximal attachment - tendon has a sheath to protect it from the transverse humeral ligament which holds tendon in place during contraction/movement
-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Short Head): Coracoid Process
-Inferior/Distal Attachment: Radial Tuberosity (when forearm is pronated, biceps wrap more than 1/2 way around radius), bicipital aponeurosis (fascia that runs from biceps tendon across the cubital fossa and merges with deep fascia of the anterior forearm) (flexors on the medial side)

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19
Q

Biceps Brachii (Biceps = 2 heads, Brachii = Arm) (Action)

A

-G-H flexion
-Elbow flexion - Prime mover in supination (weak when the forearm is pronated
-Forearm Supination (proximal & distal radioulnar joints)

20
Q

Brachialis (Attachment)

A

Superior/Proximal Attachment: Anterior distal 1/2 of the humerus
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Ulnar tuberosity, coronoid process

21
Q

Brachialis (Action)

A

elbow flexion (prime mover in pronation)

22
Q

Triceps Brachii (Triceps = 3 Heads, Brachii = Arm) (Attachments)

A

-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Long Head): Infraglenoid Tubricle
-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Lateral Head): Posterior Proximal Humerus (superior to the radial groove)
-Superior/Proximal Attachment (Medial Head): Posterior Distal Humerus (inferior to the radial groove)
-Inferior/Distal Attachment: Olecranon Process

23
Q

Triceps Brachii (Triceps = 3 Heads, Brachii = Arm) (Action)

A

-Action (long head): G-H extension
-Action (all heads): elbow extension

24
Q

Anconeus (Attachment)

A

-Superior/Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle
-Inferior/Distal Attachment: Olecranon Process

25
Q

_____________ is technically part of the forearm but is functionally related to triceps.

A

Anconeus

26
Q

Anconeus (Action)

A

Elbow Extension (assists triceps)

27
Q

How many bones are in the hand?

A

-Carpal Bones (8)
-Metacarpals (5)
-Phalanges (14)
-Total 27 bones - compared to foot which has 26

28
Q

Carpal Bones

A

8 Carpal Bones (2 rows of 4 bones each)
*NOTE to remember bones: Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Candle
-Scaphoid
-Lunate
-Truquetrum
-Pisiform
-Trapezium
-Trapezoid
-Capitate
-Hamate

29
Q

Carpal Bones Proximal Row (from lateral to medial)

A

-Scaphoid (sometimes called navicular) (including it’s tubercle) (boat shaped) (Most commonly fractured)
-Lunate (moon shaped) (most commonly dislocated)
-Triquetrum (pyramid shaped)
-Pisiform - easily palpable (completely surrounded by tendon - therefore it’s a sesamoid bone)

30
Q

Carpal Bones Distal Row (from lateral to medial)

A

-Trapezium (including it’s tubercle)
-Trapezoid
-Capitate (has a rounded head)
-Hamate - easily identified by the anterior projection called the hook of the hamate

31
Q

Carpal Tunnel

A

-There is a natural anterior concavity formed by the carpal bones
-Flexor Retinaculum attaches laterally to tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and medially to hook of the hamate and pisiform
-Retinaculum forms a tunnel called carpal tunnel through which structures pass

32
Q

5 Metacarpals

A

-Each has a base, a shaft & a head
-Head of the 1st metacarpal has sesamoid bones

33
Q

14 Phalanges

A

-Each has a base, shaft, & a head

34
Q

Radiocarpal Joint

A

-Distal radius & the articular disk of distal radioulnar joint articulate with the proximal row of carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum)
-Condyloid (convex surface of the carpals fit into the concave surface of the distal radius and disc)
-Synovial

35
Q

Movements of the Radiocarpal Joint

A

-Flexion
-Extension
-Abduction (radial deviation)
-Adduction (ulnar deviation)
-Cirumduction
-NOTE: pronation/supination does not happen at the radiocarpal joint - try to supinate or pronate while stabilizing your distal radius/ulna

36
Q

Palmar and Dorsal Radialcarpal Ligaments

A

-Distal Radius <-> Carpal Bones
-On the palmar and dorsal surfaces

37
Q

Ulnomeniscotriquetral Joint

A

-Ulna articulates with articular disc which articulates with the triquetrum
-Functional Joint
-Synovial
-During flexion & extension at the wrist, disc stays with the radius & ulna and the movement occurs between disc an the carpals
-Primarily involved with pronation and supination during which the disc moves around the distal end of ulna

38
Q

Midcarpal Joint

A

-Proximal row of carpals articulates with the distal roe of carpals
-Plane
-Synovial
-Dorsal and palmar intercarpal ligaments

39
Q

Midcarpal Joint (available movements)

A

-Flexion
-Extension
-Movements of these joints increase the movements at the wrist joint

40
Q

Intercarpal Joints

A

-Articulations between the carpal bones
-Plane
-Synovial
-Interosseous intercarpal ligaments

41
Q

Carpometacarpal Joints

A

-Distal row of carpals articulates with the proximal row of metacarpals

42
Q

1st Carpometacarpal Joints

A

-Trapezium articulated with the base of the 1st metacarpal (which is saddle shaped)
-Saddle
-Synovial

43
Q

Movements of the thumb

A

-Flexion: movement that takes the thumb medially along the coronal plane towards the other fingers
-Extension: movement that takes the thumb laterally along the coronal plane away from the other fingers
-Abduction: movement that takes the thumb along the sagittal plane away from the palm
-Adduction: movement that that takes the thumb along the saggital plane towards the palm
NOTE: these movements are opposite to each other
-Circumduction
-Opposition: movement by which the 1st digit pad (thumb) is brought to another digit pad

44
Q

Carpometacarpal Joints (2nd-5th)

A

-Distal row of carpals articulate wit the bases of the metacarpals (2-5)
-Plane
-Synovial
-Very little movement
-Dorsal, Palmar, & Interosseous Ligaments

45
Q

Intermetacarpal Joints

A

-Articulations between the bases of the medial 4 metacarpals
-Plane
-Synovial

-Interosseous Ligaments
-Between the heads of the medial 4 metacarpals is the deep transverse metacarpal ligament (this hold the heads together)

46
Q

Metacarpophsalangeal Joints

A

-heads of the metacarpals articulate with bases of proximal phalanges
-Condyloid
-Synovial

-Flexion
-Extension
-Abduction
-Adduction
-Reference point for abduction and adduction of the fingers is the 3rd finger

-medial & lateral collateral ligaments
-palmar ligaments (palmar plates)

47
Q

Interphalangeal Joints

A

-Head of the proximal phalanx articulates with the base of the next distal phalanx
-Hinge
-Synovial

-Flexion
-Extension

-Medial & Lateral collateral ligaments

Anatomy (22 decks)

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