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Anatomy > Bones/Bony Landmarks/Muscles of Lower Leg > Flashcards

Bones/Bony Landmarks/Muscles of Lower Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Femur

A

Longest/heaviest bone in the human body

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2
Q

Greater Trochanter

A

Bony prominence located on the anterolateral surface of the proximal shaft of femur, distal to femoral neck

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3
Q

Shaft

A

-Rough triangular in cross-sectional shape
-Descends in a slight medial direction

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4
Q

Lateral Epicondyle

A

Bony projection on the lateral side of the distal femur

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5
Q

Lateral Condyle

A

Part of the expanded lower condyle of the femur

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6
Q

Patellar Surface (aka. trochlear groove)

A

Anterior portion of the femurs articular surface that covers both the medial and lateral condyles

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7
Q

Medial Condyle

A

Medially located, round, articular eminence found on the proximal end of the tibia

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8
Q

Medial Epicondyle

A

Most prominent point on the medial condyle

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9
Q

Adductor Tubercle

A

A bony protrusion located at the peak of the medial condyle of the femur

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10
Q

Intertrochanteric line

A

A line upon the anterior aspect of the proximal end of the femur, extending between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter

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11
Q

Lesser Trochanter

A

A compact conical bony prominence positioned at the junction of the posterioinferior region of the femoral neck and shaft

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12
Q

Neck (of femur)

A

Connects the femoral shaft with the femoral head

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13
Q

Fovea

A

Roughened pit-like depression located below and lateral to the central region of the femoral head

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14
Q

Head (of femur)

A

Faces medially, superiorly, anteriorly and articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis

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15
Q

Intertrochanteric crest

A

The ridge on the posterior aspect of the proximal end of the femur

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16
Q

Gluteal Tuberosity

A

broad, rough margin located along the upper postereolateral aspect of the body of femur

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17
Q

Linea Aspera

A

Longitudinally oriented rough ridge with 2 lips (medial and lateral) on the posterior surface of the femur

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18
Q

Intercondylar Notch (aka.intercondylar fossa)

A

Groove at distal end of femur

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19
Q

Popliteal Fossa

A

Diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint

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20
Q

Body (of femur)

A

Long part of femur

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21
Q

Popliteus Attachments

A

Superior/proximal attachment: Lateral condyle of femur
Inferior/distal attachment: Posterior proximal surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal line

22
Q

Popliteus Actions

A

Action: Flexion of the knee (very weak)
Action: Medial rotation of the knee (key)

23
Q

Screw Home Mechanism of the knee

A

When knee is fully extended, the tibia rotates laterally which locks the knee into a more stable position

24
Q

What is the “Key to the Knee”?

A

Popliteus
-To flex the knee, the popliteus medially rotates the tibia to “unlock” the knee and allow it to flex
-Popliteus unlocks the screw home mechanism

25
Q

The tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane and the intermuscular septa divide the leg into 4 compartments which are?

A
  1. Anterior Compartment
  2. Lateral Compartment
  3. Superficial Posterior Compartment
  4. Deep Posterior Compartment

*Muscles in a compartment share the same general function, nerve supply and blood supply

26
Q

*Tibialis Anterior Attachments

A

Superior/Proximal attachment: anterior, lateral, superior 1/2 of the tibia, interosseous membrane
Inferior/Distal attachment: base of the 1st MT, 1st (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface)

27
Q

*Tibialis Anterior Actions

A

Action: Dorsiflexion
Action: Inversion

28
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL) Attachments

A

Superior/Proximal: anterior middle fibula and interosseous membrane
Inferior/Distal Attachment: base of the distal phalanx of the 1st. toe (dorsal surface)

29
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL) Actions

A

Action: extension of MTP, IP of 1st digit (Extension of big toe)
Action: assists in dorsiflexion, inversion

30
Q

Hallucis Hallux

A

The great toe

31
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) Attachments

A

Superior/Proximal attachment: Proximal 3/4 off the anterior fibula, interosseous membrane
Inferior/Distal attachment: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes (dorsal surface)

32
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) (Actions)

A

Action: Dorsiflexion
Action: Eversion
Action: Extension of MTPs, PIPs, DIPs 2nd-5th digits

33
Q

What muscle in anterior compartment does not everyone have?

A

Peroneus Tertius

34
Q

Peroneus Tertius Attachments

A

Superior/Proximal Attachment: anterior distal fibula
Inferior/Distal Attachment: base of the 5th MT (dorsal surface)

35
Q

Peroneus Tertius Actions

A

Actions: Dorsiflexion (weak)
Actions: Eversion (weak)

36
Q

Retinacula

A

Prevent the tendons from bowing as the muscles contract

37
Q

Where there is a possibility of friction between the tendons and the retinacula, there is a ___________ which surrounds the tendon.

A

Tendon sheath

38
Q

There is a ________________ outer layer for structure and protection with a ___________________ or lubrication.

A

Connective tissue, synovial inner layer

39
Q

Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus)

A

-Passes through the tunnel formed by the extensions of the long plantar ligament
-Forms stirrup with tibialis anterior at the base of the 1st MT

40
Q

Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus) Attachments

A

Superior/Proximal Attachment: lateral proximal 2/3rds of fibula
Inferior/Distal attachment: base of the 1st MT, 1st (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface)

41
Q

Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus) Actions

A

Action: Plantar Flexion
Action: Eversion

42
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

-Both tendons pass behind lateral malleolus
-Note the peroneal retinacula and the associated tendon sheaths

43
Q

Peroneus Brevis Attachments

A

Superior/Proximal Attachment: Lateral distal 2/3rds of the fibula
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Tuberosity of the 5th MT

44
Q

Peroneus Brevis Actions

A

Actions: Plantar Flexion
Actions: Eversion

45
Q

Gastrocnemius Attachments

A

Superior/Proximal Attachment: 2 heads attaching to the medial and lateral femoral condyles
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Calcaneus (via the achilles tendon)

46
Q

Gastrocnemius Actions

A

Action: Plantar Flexion
Action: Knee Flexion (weak)

47
Q

Gastronemius and soleus together are often called the ____________.

A

Triceps Surae

48
Q

Soleus Attachments

A

Superior/Proximal attachment: Proximal posterior fibula, soleal line (tibia), Middle 1/3rd of medial border of tibia
Inferior/Distal attachment: Calcaneous (via the achilles tendon)

49
Q

Soleus Action

A

Action: Plantar Flexion

50
Q

Plantaris

A

Weak Muscle but if it ruptures (often with injury to the achilles), there can be significant pain

51
Q

Plantaris Attachment

A

Superior/Proximal Attachment: distal lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur
Inferior/Distal Attachment: Calcaneous (NOT via the achilles tendon)

52
Q

Plantaris Actions

A

Action: Plantar Flexion (weak)
Action: Knee Extension (weak)

Anatomy (22 decks)

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