Bones/Bony Landmarks/Muscles of Lower Leg

Question 1

Femur

Answer 1

Longest/heaviest bone in the human body

Question 2

Greater Trochanter

Answer 2

Bony prominence located on the anterolateral surface of the proximal shaft of femur, distal to femoral neck

Question 3

Shaft

Answer 3

-Rough triangular in cross-sectional shape
-Descends in a slight medial direction

Question 4

Lateral Epicondyle

Answer 4

Bony projection on the lateral side of the distal femur

Question 5

Lateral Condyle

Answer 5

Part of the expanded lower condyle of the femur

Question 6

Patellar Surface (aka. trochlear groove)

Answer 6

Anterior portion of the femurs articular surface that covers both the medial and lateral condyles

Question 7

Medial Condyle

Answer 7

Medially located, round, articular eminence found on the proximal end of the tibia

Question 8

Medial Epicondyle

Answer 8

Most prominent point on the medial condyle

Question 9

Adductor Tubercle

Answer 9

A bony protrusion located at the peak of the medial condyle of the femur

Question 10

Intertrochanteric line

Answer 10

A line upon the anterior aspect of the proximal end of the femur, extending between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter

Question 11

Lesser Trochanter

Answer 11

A compact conical bony prominence positioned at the junction of the posterioinferior region of the femoral neck and shaft

Question 12

Neck (of femur)

Answer 12

Connects the femoral shaft with the femoral head

Question 13

Fovea

Answer 13

Roughened pit-like depression located below and lateral to the central region of the femoral head

Question 14

Head (of femur)

Answer 14

Faces medially, superiorly, anteriorly and articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis

Question 15

Intertrochanteric crest

Answer 15

The ridge on the posterior aspect of the proximal end of the femur

Question 16

Gluteal Tuberosity

Answer 16

broad, rough margin located along the upper postereolateral aspect of the body of femur

Question 17

Linea Aspera

Answer 17

Longitudinally oriented rough ridge with 2 lips (medial and lateral) on the posterior surface of the femur

Question 18

Intercondylar Notch (aka.intercondylar fossa)

Answer 18

Groove at distal end of femur

Question 19

Popliteal Fossa

Answer 19

Diamond-shaped space behind the knee joint

Question 20

Body (of femur)

Answer 20

Long part of femur

Question 21

Popliteus Attachments

Answer 21

Superior/proximal attachment: Lateral condyle of femur
Inferior/distal attachment: Posterior proximal surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal line

Question 22

Popliteus Actions

Answer 22

Action: Flexion of the knee (very weak)
Action: Medial rotation of the knee (key)

Question 23

Screw Home Mechanism of the knee

Answer 23

When knee is fully extended, the tibia rotates laterally which locks the knee into a more stable position

Question 24

What is the “Key to the Knee”?

Answer 24

Popliteus
-To flex the knee, the popliteus medially rotates the tibia to “unlock” the knee and allow it to flex
-Popliteus unlocks the screw home mechanism

Question 25

The tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane and the intermuscular septa divide the leg into 4 compartments which are?

Answer 25

1. Anterior Compartment 2. Lateral Compartment 3. Superficial Posterior Compartment 4. Deep Posterior Compartment *Muscles in a compartment share the same general function, nerve supply and blood supply

Question 26

*Tibialis Anterior Attachments

Answer 26

Superior/Proximal attachment: anterior, lateral, superior 1/2 of the tibia, interosseous membrane Inferior/Distal attachment: base of the 1st MT, 1st (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface)

Question 27

*Tibialis Anterior Actions

Answer 27

Action: Dorsiflexion Action: Inversion

Question 28

Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL) Attachments

Answer 28

Superior/Proximal: anterior middle fibula and interosseous membrane Inferior/Distal Attachment: base of the distal phalanx of the 1st. toe (dorsal surface)

Question 29

Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL) Actions

Answer 29

Action: extension of MTP, IP of 1st digit (Extension of big toe) Action: assists in dorsiflexion, inversion

Question 30

Hallucis Hallux

Answer 30

The great toe

Question 31

Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) Attachments

Answer 31

Superior/Proximal attachment: Proximal 3/4 off the anterior fibula, interosseous membrane Inferior/Distal attachment: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes (dorsal surface)

Question 32

Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) (Actions)

Answer 32

Action: Dorsiflexion Action: Eversion Action: Extension of MTPs, PIPs, DIPs 2nd-5th digits

Question 33

What muscle in anterior compartment does not everyone have?

Answer 33

Peroneus Tertius

Question 34

Peroneus Tertius Attachments

Answer 34

Superior/Proximal Attachment: anterior distal fibula Inferior/Distal Attachment: base of the 5th MT (dorsal surface)

Question 35

Peroneus Tertius Actions

Answer 35

Actions: Dorsiflexion (weak) Actions: Eversion (weak)

Question 36

Retinacula

Answer 36

Prevent the tendons from bowing as the muscles contract

Question 37

Where there is a possibility of friction between the tendons and the retinacula, there is a ___________ which surrounds the tendon.

Answer 37

Tendon sheath

Question 38

There is a ________________ outer layer for structure and protection with a ___________________ or lubrication.

Answer 38

Connective tissue, synovial inner layer

Question 39

Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus)

Answer 39

-Passes through the tunnel formed by the extensions of the long plantar ligament -Forms stirrup with tibialis anterior at the base of the 1st MT

Question 40

Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus) Attachments

Answer 40

Superior/Proximal Attachment: lateral proximal 2/3rds of fibula Inferior/Distal attachment: base of the 1st MT, 1st (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface)

Question 41

Peroneus Longus (aka. fibularis longus) Actions

Answer 41

Action: Plantar Flexion Action: Eversion

Question 42

Peroneus Brevis

Answer 42

-Both tendons pass behind lateral malleolus -Note the peroneal retinacula and the associated tendon sheaths

Question 43

Peroneus Brevis Attachments

Answer 43

Superior/Proximal Attachment: Lateral distal 2/3rds of the fibula Inferior/Distal Attachment: Tuberosity of the 5th MT

Question 44

Peroneus Brevis Actions

Answer 44

Actions: Plantar Flexion Actions: Eversion

Question 45

Gastrocnemius Attachments

Answer 45

Superior/Proximal Attachment: 2 heads attaching to the medial and lateral femoral condyles Inferior/Distal Attachment: Calcaneus (via the achilles tendon)

Question 46

Gastrocnemius Actions

Answer 46

Action: Plantar Flexion Action: Knee Flexion (weak)

Question 47

Gastronemius and soleus together are often called the ____________.

Answer 47

Triceps Surae

Question 48

Soleus Attachments

Answer 48

Superior/Proximal attachment: Proximal posterior fibula, soleal line (tibia), Middle 1/3rd of medial border of tibia Inferior/Distal attachment: Calcaneous (via the achilles tendon)

Question 49

Soleus Action

Answer 49

Action: Plantar Flexion

Question 50

Plantaris

Answer 50

Weak Muscle but if it ruptures (often with injury to the achilles), there can be significant pain

Question 51

Plantaris Attachment

Answer 51

Superior/Proximal Attachment: distal lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur Inferior/Distal Attachment: Calcaneous (NOT via the achilles tendon)

Question 52

Plantaris Actions

Answer 52

Action: Plantar Flexion (weak) Action: Knee Extension (weak)