Muscles of the leg/Sole of the foot

Question 1

Tibialis Posterior Attachment’s

Answer 1

Inferior/Distal attachment: navicular tuberosity and surrounding bones (cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of the 2nd-4th MTs

Question 2

Tibialis Posterior Actions

Answer 2

Action: Plantar Flexon
Action: Inversion

Question 3

Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) Attachment’s

Answer 3

Inferior/Distal attachment: plantar surface of 1st distal phalanx

Question 4

Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) Actions

Answer 4

Action: 1st MTP, 1st IP Flexion
Action: Plantar Flexion

Question 5

Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) Attachment’s

Answer 5

Inferior/Distal Attachment: plantar surface of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

Question 6

Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) Actions

Answer 6

Action: PIP/DIP, MTP flexion of 2nd-5th digits
Action: Plantar flexion

Question 7

Tibialis Posterior, FHL, FDL tendons pass behind the ________________.

Answer 7

Medial Malleolus

Question 8

What forms a tunnel called the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 8

Flexor Retinaculum
(Possible causes tarsal tunnel syndrome: Prolonged eversion/pronation, chronic tendonitis, direct trauma, RA)

Question 9

What tendons can be referred to as Tom, Dick, Harry.

Answer 9

Tibialis Posterior, FHL, FDL

Question 10

What is the only intrinsic foot muscle in the dorsum foot?

Answer 10

Extensor digitorum brevis

Question 11

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Attachment

Answer 11

Inferior/Distal attachment: Medial distal 4 phalanges

Question 12

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Action

Answer 12

Extension of the medial 4 toes

Question 13

_____________ and ______________ are essentially the same muscle.

Answer 13

Extensor Digitorum Brevis, Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Question 14

How many muscular layers are in the sole of the foot?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

First layer in sole of the foot (most superficial)

Answer 15

-3 Muscles
-All attach proximately to the medial process of the calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
-Deep to plantar fascia

Question 16

What muscles are in the first layer in the sole of the foot?

Answer 16

Abductor Hallucis, Flexor Digitorum Brevis, Abductor Digiti Minimi

Question 17

Abductor Hallucis Attachment

Answer 17

Inferior/Distal Attachment: medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe

Question 18

Abductor Hallucis Action

Answer 18

Action: abduction of the 1st toe

Question 19

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Attachment

Answer 19

Inferior/Distal attachment: both sides of middle phalanges of 2nd-5th toes
-Note: the tendons split to attach to the sides of the phalanx

Question 20

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Action

Answer 20

Flexion of 2nd-5th toes

Question 21

Abductor Digiti Minimi Attachment

Answer 21

Inferior/Distal Attachment: Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe

Question 22

Abductor Digiti Minimi Action

Answer 22

Abduction of the 5th toe

Question 23

How many muscles are in the second layer of the foot?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

What tendons are in the second layer of the foot?

Answer 24

FHL and FDL

Question 25

What are the muscles in the second layer of the foot?

Answer 25

Quadratus Plantae and Lumbricals,

Question 26

Quadratus Plantae Attachment

Answer 26

Inferior/Distal Attachment: posterolateral margin of the FDL tendons

Question 27

Quadratus Plantae Actions

Answer 27

Action: assists FDL in flexion of the lateral 4 digits Action: adjusts the pull of the FDL tendons along the ling axis of the digits -Note: the line of pull of FDL and how it would track medially so quadratus plantae helps to keep the vector more linear

Question 28

Lumbricals Attachment

Answer 28

Inferior/Distal attachment: extensor expansion, and medial sides of proximal phalanges of the lateral toes

Question 29

Lumbricals Action

Answer 29

Action: Flexion of the MTP joints and extension the PIPs/DIPs

Question 30

How many muscles are in the 3rd layer of the sole of the foot?

Answer 30

3

Question 31

3rd layer of the sole of the foot

Answer 31

-There are 3 muscles in the anterior 1/2 of the foot -2 act on the 1st toe, the other on the 5th

Question 32

What are the three muscles in the 3rd layer of the foot?

Answer 32

Flexor Hallucis Brevis, Adductor Hallucis, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Question 33

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Attachment

Answer 33

Inferior/Distal attachment: both sides of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe -There are 2 sesamoid bones - one adhered to each of the 2 tendons - they protect tendons from pressure during standing and walking

Question 34

Adductor Hallucis Attachment

Answer 34

Inferior/Distal attachment (both heads): lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe

Question 35

Adductor Hallucis Action

Answer 35

Action: adducts 1st toe -Also helps maintain transverse arch

Question 36

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Attachment

Answer 36

Inferior/Distal attachment: base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe

Question 37

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Action

Answer 37

Flexion of the 5th MTP joint

Question 38

4th layer of the sole of foot

Answer 38

-Deepest Layer -Interossei muscles (DAB, PAD) -Note: when discussing abduction and adduction of the toes, the 'midline' (reference point) is through the 2nd toe

Question 39

How many muscles are in the fourth layer of the foot?

Answer 39

2

Question 40

What are the 2 muscles in the fourth layer of the foot?

Answer 40

Dorsal Interossei, Plantar Interossei

Question 41

Dorsal Interossei Attachments

Answer 41

Inferior/Distal attachment (1st): medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd toe Inferior/Distal attachments (2nd-5th): lateral sides of proximal phalanges 2nd-4th toes

Question 42

Dorsal Interossei Action

Answer 42

Abduction of 2nd-4th MTP joints (DAB) -moving the digits away from the 2nd toe

Question 43

DAB

Answer 43

Dorsal Abduction

Question 44

PAD

Answer 44

Plantar Adduction

Question 45

Plantar Interossei Attachment

Answer 45

Inferior/Distal attachment: Medial sides of the bases of proximal phalanges 3-5

Question 46

Plantar Interossei Action

Answer 46

Action: Adduction of the 3rd-5th MTP joints (PAD) -moving the digits towards the 2nd toe