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Path II > Quiz #2 b > Flashcards

Quiz #2 b Flashcards

1
Q

_____ can be found in 10% of people with GERD

A

Barret esophagus

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2
Q

alteration of stem cell differentiation via addition of intestinal mucus secreting goblet cells

A

Barret esophagus

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3
Q

how does barret esophagus affect reflux episodes?

A

they last longer

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4
Q

significance with local ulceration with bleeding and stricture

A

Barret esophagus

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5
Q

Barret esophagus can come from ____

A

GERD

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6
Q

Esophageal varices location

A

mostly in submucosa of distal esophagus and proximal stomach

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7
Q

increase pressure on esophageal plexus veins can cause

A

esophageal varices

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8
Q

esophageal varices develop in _____% of cirrhosis patients

A

90% (mostly alcohol)

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9
Q

______ has no symptoms until rupture leading to ______

A

esophageal varices, hematemesis

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10
Q

venous thrombosis and inflammation may occur after varices _____

A

rupture

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11
Q

blood goes into the lumen as well as suffusion of the esophageal wall with blood

A

hemorrhage of the esophageal varices

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12
Q

esophageal varices 1/2 of deaths are from _____ the other from ______

A

cirrhosis, hepatic coma

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13
Q

______ may be the only complication of uncomplicated GHERD

A

hyperemia

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14
Q

Characteristic of GHERD

A

basal cell hyperplasia (20%)presence of inflammatory cells (WBCs) in squamous epithelial layerelongation of lamina propr. papillae with constriction

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15
Q

GERD: Symptoms do not always ____ with the level of histological esophagitis

A

match

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16
Q

severe chest pain that maybe mistaken for a heart attack is not uncommon for

A

GERD

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17
Q

children: melena, hematemesis, sourbrash

A

GERD

18
Q

Causes of GERD

A

Nasogastric Tubealcohol, tobaccosclerosis disorderspregnancyCNS depressantshypothyroidism

19
Q

contritubute to GERD

A

Inadaquate/esophageal clearance of reflux materialsliding haital herniareduction of reparative capacity of esophageal mucosaprolonged exposure to gastric juices

20
Q

Alchalasia associated with esophageal squamos cell carcinoma __%

A

5%

21
Q

Alchalasia may come from _____ disease via destruction of myenteric plexus

A

chagas

22
Q

Progressive dilation of the esophagus above the level of LES

A

Alchasia

23
Q

degenerative changes in innervation of the _____ nerve may also occur in Alchalasia

A

vagus (intrinsic or extraesophageal)

24
Q

complication of alchalasia

A

progressive dysphagiacandida esophagitislower esophageal diverticula

25
Q

aspiration/pneumonia/airway obstruction in Alchasia can be from

A

aperistalsispartial or incomplete relaxation of LES when swallowingincreased resting tone of LES

26
Q

Alchalasia is associated with dysfunction of ___Containing neurons

A

NO

27
Q

_____ happens often in alcoholics due to severe stretching from vomiting

A

Mallory Weiss syndrome

28
Q

Mallory Weiss syndrom is longitudinal tears in the esophagus at the ________ junction or _______

A

esophagogastric, proximal gastric mucosa

29
Q

_____% of cases with mallory weis syndrom there is bleeding in the upper GI Tract

A

5-10%

30
Q

inflammatory ulcer, media stinitidis w/ infection

A

Boerhave syndrome can be a result of Mallory Weis syndrome

31
Q

Separation of diaphragmatic cura and widening of the space between the muscular cura and esophageal wall.

A

Hatial Hernia

32
Q

_____ hernia is 95% of cases of Hatial hernia

A

sliding

33
Q

nonaxial/paraesophageal hernia is ___ of Hatial hernia occurences

A

5%

34
Q

protrusion of stomach above diaphragm with bell shaped dilation with diaphragmatic narrowing

A

sliding hernia

35
Q

stomach along the greater curvature enters the thorax through a widen foramen

A

nonaxial/paraesophageal hernia

36
Q

gastrinomas that hypersecret gastrin in the pancreas, duodenum, and peripancreatic soft tissue

A

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

37
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome associated with pancreatic islet cell lesions in ____% of cases

A

90-95%

38
Q

over half the tissues discovered are _____ invasive or _____ at time of diagnosis (Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome)

A

locally, metastasized

39
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome + other endocrine tumors found in ___% of patients

A

MEN-1, 25%

40
Q

extreme gastric acid secretion leads to

A

ulcers

41
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ___% have diarrhea and is the presenting symptom

A

50

Path II (21 decks)

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