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Path II > Path II final - hydrocephalus > Flashcards

Path II final - hydrocephalus Flashcards

1
Q

Accumulation of CSF in the VENTRICLES of brain

A

hydrocephalus

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2
Q

CSF is produced where?

A

choroid plexus

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3
Q

function of CSF

A

helps brain function properly

protects from trauma

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4
Q

total production CSF/day?

A

500 ml

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5
Q

total csf in ventricles at one time?

A

150 ml

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6
Q

CSF flow

A

Lateral Ventricle -> Interventricular Foramen of Monroe -> 3rd Ventricle -> Aqueduct of Sylvius -> 4th Ventricle -> Foramen of Leuscka (Latera Aperturel) and Foramen of Magendie (Medial Aperture) -> Cisterna Magna (Direct communication with subarachnoid space of brain and cord) -> Absorbed through Arachnoid Granulations -> Superior Saggital Sinus -> Transverse Sinus -> Sigmoid Sinus -> Jugular Vein -> Away from brain

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7
Q

Cisterna Magna has direct communication with this area

A

subarachnoid space

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8
Q

where CSF goes to reach the brain and spinal cord

A

subarachnoid space

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9
Q

space between the arachnoid and pia mater

A

subarachnoid space

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10
Q

space around the cerebellum

A

cisterna magna

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11
Q

direct communication with the subarachnoid space of brain and spinal cord

A

cisterna magna

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12
Q

Where is CSF absorbed?

A

arachnoid granulations (parietal bone)

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13
Q

Where does CSF flow to after being absorbed?

A

Sup. saggital sinus

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14
Q

Main collector of venous blood in the brain

A

superior saggital sinus

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15
Q

Made of the cranial vault above and sides are made by 2 layers of dura mater

A

superior saggital sinus

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16
Q

Which hydrocephalus causes acute bacterial infection?

A

communicating hydrocephalus

17
Q

could be due to benign brain tumors with in the choroid plexus

A

communicating hydrocephalus

18
Q

accumulation of extra fluid in brain due to increased production of CSF(or decreased absorption)

A

communicating hydrocephalus

19
Q

has normal communication with structures of the brain

A

communicating hydrocephalus

20
Q

An obstruction prevents CSF from moving out

due to Leptomeningitis or Brain Tumor or stroke (leads to increase in intracranial pressure)

A

non-communicating hydrocephalus

21
Q

Swelling of Arachnoid Granulation

Causes increased accumulation (absorption) of CSF WITHIN VENTRICLES

A

leptomeningitis

22
Q

Leads to headache- Gyri jam up against the skull and become flattened

A

leads to headache-gyro jam up against the skull and become flattened

23
Q

Often of Pituitary Gland

Causes large cyst in the brain that CANNOT BE REMOVED

Causes obstruction of CSF flow

Leads to increased ICP

A

Tumor and Non-Communicating Hydrocephalus

24
Q

3 Major Signs/Manifestations of Hydrocephalus

A

1) Headaches (often brain tumor)
2) Nausea/Vomiting
3) Papilledema (optic disc swelling)

25
Q

___% of headaches may be treated with chiropractic care

A

18%

26
Q

how many causes of headaches exist?

A

over 400

27
Q

Swelling of the optic disc

A cardinal sign of hydrocephalus

A

palilledema

28
Q

A brain atrophy disease

Amount of CSF is larger than normal due to disappearance of normal brain tissue

NO INCREASE in ICP because there is increased space due to brain atrophy

HYDROCEPHALUS EX-VACUO

Patients often have incontinence because the tissues that control this function have atrophied

A

Alzheimer’s

29
Q

Another cause of hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuo -> Brain has atrophied

Chorea due to atrophy of striatal neurons (this space fills with CSF)

Damage to the basal ganglia

NO INCREASE in ICP -> Brain has atrophied and CSF takes the extra space

A

Huntington’s Disease

30
Q

Atrophy of the Striatal Neurons -> Chorea

Damage to the Basal Ganglia

CSF fills in the extra space

A

Huntington’s disease

31
Q

What determines the treatment of hydrocephalus?

A

Age of the patient

32
Q

how many fontanelles do babies have?

A

Six

5 of them fuse in the first two months of life

The Frontal Fontanelle may take up to 18 months to fuse

33
Q

What happens to the bones of a baby’s head with hydrocephalus?

A

They become distended

Measure circumference and both sides of head to check

34
Q

MC cause of hydrocephalus

A

Birth process

Cranial bones overlap in the birth canal -> As bones separate and go back to normal, the Superior Saggital Sinus may become stuck -> Impairs CSF flow leading to Hydrocephalus

35
Q

easiest way to treat hydrocephalus in baby

A

chiro adjustment

medical approach=insterting shunt

36
Q

Treating Hydrocephalus in an adult

A

Cranial bones are fused = much more ICP

Can be very serious, leading to non-communicating hydrocephalus

Leads to Tonsillar Herniation -> Headaches

37
Q

What is a common result of non-communicating hydrocephalus in adults?

A

Tonsillar Herniation -> Headaches

38
Q

can cause incontinence

A

alzheimer’s

39
Q

basal ganglia damaged

A

huntington’s

Path II (21 decks)

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