Path final RA Flashcards
granulation tissue associated with RA
Pannus
RA has both ______ and _____ degeneration
chemical, mechanical
Female to male ratio
4:1
RA etiology
unknown
nonsuppurative proliferative synovitis which in time leads to destruction of the articular cartilage and progressive disabling arthritis
RA
RAStarts as _____ arthritis in small joints in hands and feet.
symmetrical
RA usually starts on 1rst___ and___ (first symptoms) usually no____
pip, mcp
DIP
What kind of fluid is found inside the joints with RA
inflammatory exudate
inflammatory pattern
bad in morning, better as day goes on
Stiffness due to
accumulation of fluid
may decrease pain and chances of the joints being fused
physical activity
Rheumatoid hand
ulnar deviation of finders at MCP joints
Atrophy of intercostal and interossei muscles
inflammation of the wrist
TENOSYNOVITIS aka
ganglion
inflammation of tendon sheath-2 layers of fibrous tissue that surround tendons
TENOSYNOVITIS aka ganglion
caused by excess fluid production and cured by hydrocortisol
TENOSYNOVITIS aka ganglion
why should you never remove the ganglion that results from Tenosynovitis?
results in stenosing tendinitis
long term soft tissue inflammation will cause what?
bones in vicinity to lose density (osteopenia)
osteopenia:due to _____ that cause activation of_____
cytokines, osteoclasts
Causes decrease in articular contact
periarticular osteopenia (typical for any chronic inflammatory joint disease)
med term without nerve interference.
subluxation
no articulating bones with no joint function
Luxation
swan neck deformity
hyperextension of PIP and flexion of DIP
calosities in the ____ can cause a deformity called _____
MTPs, Hammertoes
only part of joint with blood supply
synovial membrane(also has lots of nociceptors)
Cartilage allows for _____ of joints
congruency
2 functions of synovial fluid
lubricates joint surfaces
nourishes cartilage
types of joint pathologies
inflammatory
degeneration
metabolic
Genes associates with RA
HLA DR4, DR1
human leukocyte antigen
how does panes (granulation tissue) affect the joint?
requires more and more room, but space is limited
periarticular osteopenia can lead to
subluxation:slipping of bone resulting to loss of joint.
hyper extension of DIP and hyper flexion of PIP
boutonniere’s deformity
Hallux valgus
subluxation of first MTP joint in patients w/o joint pathology. MTP moves laterally due to ligament elasticity. (wearing high heels, female, overweight)
Bunion is a protective factor for
hallux valgus
normal amount of fluid in the knee
5ml
more than normal(5ml) of fluid in knee can result in
hypomobility
Never _____ knee joint that has too much fluid
move
how do you treat a joint with excess fluit
remove fluid or take anti-inflammatory drug
can’t see hip or knee joint on X-ray
aseptic necrosis (due occlusion of blood supply)
how do you treat aseptic necrosis of hip joint?
replacement
Rheumatoid nodules in lungs with pneumonoconious
Kaplan’s syndrome
RA before age 16
juvenile arthritis
possible complications of Juvenile RA
under developed jaw
early closure of growth plates
anatomical short leg
destruction of dens (can kill them w/c1 adjustment)
