lecture quiz 3 Flashcards
types of arteriosclerosis
Monkeberg medial calcific
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Hyper plastic arteriolosclerosis
ring-like calcification with in the media of medium-sized to small muscular arteries of obscure course
Monkeberg medial calcific
sometimes bone marrow in found in arteries
Never involves stenosis
can see them on X-ray
radial, ulnar, femoral arteries supplying genitals
Monkeberg medial calcific sclerosis
irreversible protein accumulation with in wall resulting in decreased lumen size
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
happens in normotonic and hypertonic people and is the groundwork for benign nephrosclerosis
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
bengign nephroslcerosis leads to _____ because of loss of
glomeruli
thickening of basement membrane of artery. this is done is a non proportionate manner in layers (onion skinning)
Hyper plastic arteriolosclerosis
Irreversible and often leads to necrotizing arterioloitis
hyper plastic arteriolosclerosis
syndromes caused by oxygen imbalance between myocardial demand and blood supply
ischemic heart disease
number 1 killer in US
Ischemic heart disease (coronary heart/coronary artery)
clinical stenosis is __% occlusion
75%
acquired risk factors for Ischemic heart disease
hyperlipidemia
hypertension
smoking
diabetes mellitus
Viagra manifest _____ that is already existing
ischemic heart diseases
stenosis is due to _____ and therefore structural and not _____
structural, functional
“bad news” heart attack due to too much catecholamines
coronary artery vasospasm
Steps of Ischemic heart disease
- acute change in plaque morphology
- platelet aggregation
- coronary artery thrombosis
- coronary artery vasospasm
intermittant chest pain caused by transient reversible myocardial ischemia due to occlusion.
Angina Pectoris
Squeezing, burning, diffuse, retrosternal pain
Angina Pectoris-may refer to left scapula
typical (Stable) Angina, take _____ which decreases the amount of blood going through occluded artery if not improved this could mean (2)
nitroglycerin
rib subluxation
MI
nitroglycerin does what?
decreases venous return
angina due to vasospasms
prinzmetal
“Pre Infarction angina”
Unstable angina (crescendo)
AKA nocturnal angina
unstable anginia (crescendo)
indicated by increase in sound
crescendo angina
Indicates the development of an area of myocardial necrosis due to local ischemia
MI
disappearance/degeneration of heart fibers replaced with CT
chronic ischemic heart disease
sudden cardiac death occurs ___ hours after onset of symptoms
24 hours
multi-system derangement that occurs when the heart is no longer able to eject the blood delivered to it by venous system
Congestive heart failure
body responds to congestive heart failure via
activation of sympathetic nervous system
activation of sympathetic nervous system leads to the following adaptation
positive inotropic effect
positive chonotropic effect
hypertrophy
dilation
positive inotropic effect
stimulates for greater force
positive chronotropic effect
increased heart rate
due to increased resistance to blood flow and does not change the size of the chambers
concentric hypertrophy (hypertension)
increases size of heart chamber e.g. mitral stenosis
eccentric hypertrophy
Compensated heart failure
dilated ventricle is able to maintain cardiac output at level that meets the needs of the body
elongation of myofibrils increases contractility
Frank-starling law
Further dilation no longer results in increased contractility but leases to progressive decrease in myocardial contractility
Decompensated heart failure
heart failure that results in pulmonary edema
left sided
