lecture quiz 3

Question 1

types of arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

Monkeberg medial calcific
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Hyper plastic arteriolosclerosis

Question 2

ring-like calcification with in the media of medium-sized to small muscular arteries of obscure course

Answer 2

Monkeberg medial calcific

Question 3

sometimes bone marrow in found in arteries

Never involves stenosis

can see them on X-ray

radial, ulnar, femoral arteries supplying genitals

Answer 3

Monkeberg medial calcific sclerosis

Question 4

irreversible protein accumulation with in wall resulting in decreased lumen size

Answer 4

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Question 5

happens in normotonic and hypertonic people and is the groundwork for benign nephrosclerosis

Answer 5

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Question 6

bengign nephroslcerosis leads to _____ because of loss of

Answer 6

glomeruli

Question 7

thickening of basement membrane of artery. this is done is a non proportionate manner in layers (onion skinning)

Answer 7

Hyper plastic arteriolosclerosis

Question 8

Irreversible and often leads to necrotizing arterioloitis

Answer 8

hyper plastic arteriolosclerosis

Question 9

syndromes caused by oxygen imbalance between myocardial demand and blood supply

Answer 9

ischemic heart disease

Question 10

number 1 killer in US

Answer 10

Ischemic heart disease (coronary heart/coronary artery)

Question 11

clinical stenosis is __% occlusion

Answer 11

75%

Question 12

acquired risk factors for Ischemic heart disease

Answer 12

hyperlipidemia
hypertension
smoking
diabetes mellitus

Question 13

Viagra manifest _____ that is already existing

Answer 13

ischemic heart diseases

Question 14

stenosis is due to _____ and therefore structural and not _____

Answer 14

structural, functional

Question 15

“bad news” heart attack due to too much catecholamines

Answer 15

coronary artery vasospasm

Question 16

Steps of Ischemic heart disease

Answer 16

1. acute change in plaque morphology
2. platelet aggregation
3. coronary artery thrombosis
4. coronary artery vasospasm

Question 17

intermittant chest pain caused by transient reversible myocardial ischemia due to occlusion.

Answer 17

Angina Pectoris

Question 18

Squeezing, burning, diffuse, retrosternal pain

Answer 18

Angina Pectoris-may refer to left scapula

Question 19

typical (Stable) Angina, take _____ which decreases the amount of blood going through occluded artery if not improved this could mean (2)

Answer 19

nitroglycerin

rib subluxation
MI

Question 20

nitroglycerin does what?

Answer 20

decreases venous return

Question 21

angina due to vasospasms

Answer 21

prinzmetal

Question 22

“Pre Infarction angina”

Answer 22

Unstable angina (crescendo)

Question 23

AKA nocturnal angina

Answer 23

unstable anginia (crescendo)

Question 24

indicated by increase in sound

Answer 24

crescendo angina

Question 25

Indicates the development of an area of myocardial necrosis due to local ischemia

Answer 25

MI

Question 26

disappearance/degeneration of heart fibers replaced with CT

Answer 26

chronic ischemic heart disease

Question 27

sudden cardiac death occurs ___ hours after onset of symptoms

Answer 27

24 hours

Question 28

multi-system derangement that occurs when the heart is no longer able to eject the blood delivered to it by venous system

Answer 28

Congestive heart failure

Question 29

body responds to congestive heart failure via

Answer 29

activation of sympathetic nervous system

Question 30

activation of sympathetic nervous system leads to the following adaptation

Answer 30

positive inotropic effect
positive chonotropic effect
hypertrophy
dilation

Question 31

positive inotropic effect

Answer 31

stimulates for greater force

Question 32

positive chronotropic effect

Answer 32

increased heart rate

Question 33

due to increased resistance to blood flow and does not change the size of the chambers

Answer 33

concentric hypertrophy (hypertension)

Question 34

increases size of heart chamber e.g. mitral stenosis

Answer 34

eccentric hypertrophy

Question 35

Compensated heart failure

Answer 35

dilated ventricle is able to maintain cardiac output at level that meets the needs of the body

Question 36

elongation of myofibrils increases contractility

Answer 36

Frank-starling law

Question 37

Further dilation no longer results in increased contractility but leases to progressive decrease in myocardial contractility

Answer 37

Decompensated heart failure

Question 38

heart failure that results in pulmonary edema

Answer 38

left sided