Lecture midterm #2 Flashcards
NephrITIC syndrome: characterized by increase in glomerular permeability to
RBCs
NephrOTIC syndrome: characterized by increase in glomerular permeability to
proteins
- asymptomatic patient presents with elevated creatinine in blood
azotemia
with hypertension in nephritic syndrome, the first secretion would be:
renin (then angiotensinogen, angiotensin I, angiotensin II)
spaces between podocytes/basement membrane
- Heymann’s GMN
rapidly progressing crescentic GMN what cells undergo hyperplasia and merge to form crescents?
parietal cells of bowman’s capsule
Which disease forms cavities in the lungs?
wegener’s granulomatosis
what is the kidney syndrome that develops in henoch-schonlein purapura
Nephritic syndrome
not involved in polyarteritis nodosa
lungs
what is the most common cause of GMN in the world?
IgA nephropathy/berger’s disease
assocaited with tibial and radial arteries, classic symptom of instep claudication
Buerger’s Disease
Glomerulonephritis with other symptoms such as lens dislocation, cataracts, hearing problems
alport syndrome
Most common type of nephrITIC syndrome to turn chronic
rapidly progressing crescentic
most common type of nephrOTIC syndrome to turn chronic
focal glomerulosclerosis
characteristics of nephrotic syndrome
proteinuria > hypoalbuminemia > generalized edema > hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
ball-like deposits within the mesangial cells
- Kimmel wilson lesions
Kimmel wilson lesions are due to
nodular glomerulosclerosis
strongest predisposing factor for development of acute pyelonephritis
acute cystitis
most common spread in acute cystitis/ pyelonephritis
ascending
are superficial, multiple, fast recovery
erosions
are solitary, deep, slow recovery
peptic ulcers
smoking interferes with which defensive force
mucosal blood flow
NSAIDS interfere with which defensive mechanism
decrease the elaboration of prostaglandins
Duodenal peptic ulcer is ____ malignant
NOT
Chaga’s disease is associated with
achlasia (trypanosoma cruzi)
diverticulum that occurs at the TOP close to upper esophageal sphincter
zenker’s diverticulum
diverticulum that occurs in the middle of esophagus:
mid esophageal / traction diverticulum
epiphrenic diverticulum
occurs just above lower esophageal sphincter
Syndrome most commonly associated with alcoholics
mallory weiss syndrome
most common cause of esophageal varices
liver cirrhosis
- which of the following is most likely to present with multiple peptic ulcers
zollinger ellison syndrome (because of increased gastrin > increased HCL > ulcers love acidity)
replacement of *squamous with **columnar epithelial cells
barret esophagus
- which hernia is most likely to lead to venous infarction
paraesophageal hernia (rolling hernia)
RUPTURE of the esophagus in mallory-weiss syndrome
boerhaave syndrome
- Aschoff nodes WHere?
occur in myocarditis/ myocardium
pathology involves migratory arthritis
rheumatic fever
areas in body do not harbor chronic infection
liver (other choices: prostate, dental, lungs)
subacute bacterial endocarditis can lead to
ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke
hyaline arteriolosclerosis leads to
benign nephrosclerosis
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis leads to
leads to necrotizing arteriolitis
most common cause of ischemic heart disease/coronary artery disease
atherosclerosis
in prinzmetal’s variant
coronary artery undergoes vasospasm
not a component of a developed atheroma
Hyaline
pulmonary/lung edema, heart failure cells aka siderophages, brown induration of lung
- L side heart failure
side heart failure: cor pulmonale, lung emphysema, hepatomegaly, nutmeg like liver, pedal edema
right side
compensatory mechanism will you see in the L atrium in a patient with aortic valve insufficiency
Eccentric hypertrophy of L atrium
_____ hypertrophy increases size of chamber, increase in width and length of myofibrils
eccentric
_____ hypertrophy same chamber size, increase width of myofibril (does not increase in length)
concentric
opposite of aortic stenosis, backflow of aorta to LV during diastole (regurgitation), low diastolic pressure (may go to zero)
Aortic Insufficiency
LV hypertrophy (heart deviates to left, hypertensive heart), leads to cardiac failure (irreversible, atrophy/necrosis), dystrophic calcification of valves
Aortic Stenosis
Heart Failure- due to adaptive response
Compensated
due to lack of adaptive response
decompensated heart failure
