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Path II > Lecture midterm #2 > Flashcards

Lecture midterm #2 Flashcards

1
Q

NephrITIC syndrome: characterized by increase in glomerular permeability to

A

RBCs

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2
Q

NephrOTIC syndrome: characterized by increase in glomerular permeability to

A

proteins

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3
Q
  • asymptomatic patient presents with elevated creatinine in blood
A

azotemia

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4
Q

with hypertension in nephritic syndrome, the first secretion would be:

A

renin (then angiotensinogen, angiotensin I, angiotensin II)

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5
Q

spaces between podocytes/basement membrane

A
  • Heymann’s GMN
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6
Q

rapidly progressing crescentic GMN what cells undergo hyperplasia and merge to form crescents?

A

parietal cells of bowman’s capsule

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7
Q

Which disease forms cavities in the lungs?

A

wegener’s granulomatosis

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8
Q

what is the kidney syndrome that develops in henoch-schonlein purapura

A

Nephritic syndrome

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9
Q

not involved in polyarteritis nodosa

A

lungs

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10
Q

what is the most common cause of GMN in the world?

A

IgA nephropathy/berger’s disease

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11
Q

assocaited with tibial and radial arteries, classic symptom of instep claudication

A

Buerger’s Disease

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12
Q

Glomerulonephritis with other symptoms such as lens dislocation, cataracts, hearing problems

A

alport syndrome

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13
Q

Most common type of nephrITIC syndrome to turn chronic

A

rapidly progressing crescentic

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14
Q

most common type of nephrOTIC syndrome to turn chronic

A

focal glomerulosclerosis

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15
Q

characteristics of nephrotic syndrome

A

proteinuria > hypoalbuminemia > generalized edema > hyperlipidemia and lipiduria

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16
Q

ball-like deposits within the mesangial cells

A
  • Kimmel wilson lesions
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17
Q

Kimmel wilson lesions are due to

A

nodular glomerulosclerosis

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18
Q

strongest predisposing factor for development of acute pyelonephritis

A

acute cystitis

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19
Q

most common spread in acute cystitis/ pyelonephritis

A

ascending

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20
Q

are superficial, multiple, fast recovery

A

erosions

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21
Q

are solitary, deep, slow recovery

A

peptic ulcers

22
Q

smoking interferes with which defensive force

A

mucosal blood flow

23
Q

NSAIDS interfere with which defensive mechanism

A

decrease the elaboration of prostaglandins

24
Q

Duodenal peptic ulcer is ____ malignant

A

NOT

25
Q

Chaga’s disease is associated with

A

achlasia (trypanosoma cruzi)

26
Q

diverticulum that occurs at the TOP close to upper esophageal sphincter

A

zenker’s diverticulum

27
Q

diverticulum that occurs in the middle of esophagus:

A

mid esophageal / traction diverticulum

28
Q

epiphrenic diverticulum

A

occurs just above lower esophageal sphincter

29
Q

Syndrome most commonly associated with alcoholics

A

mallory weiss syndrome

30
Q

most common cause of esophageal varices

A

liver cirrhosis

31
Q
  • which of the following is most likely to present with multiple peptic ulcers
A

zollinger ellison syndrome (because of increased gastrin > increased HCL > ulcers love acidity)

32
Q

replacement of *squamous with **columnar epithelial cells

A

barret esophagus

33
Q
  • which hernia is most likely to lead to venous infarction
A

paraesophageal hernia (rolling hernia)

34
Q

RUPTURE of the esophagus in mallory-weiss syndrome

A

boerhaave syndrome

35
Q
  • Aschoff nodes WHere?
A

occur in myocarditis/ myocardium

36
Q

pathology involves migratory arthritis

A

rheumatic fever

37
Q

areas in body do not harbor chronic infection

A

liver (other choices: prostate, dental, lungs)

38
Q

subacute bacterial endocarditis can lead to

A

ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke

39
Q

hyaline arteriolosclerosis leads to

A

benign nephrosclerosis

40
Q

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis leads to

A

leads to necrotizing arteriolitis

41
Q

most common cause of ischemic heart disease/coronary artery disease

A

atherosclerosis

42
Q

in prinzmetal’s variant

A

coronary artery undergoes vasospasm

43
Q

not a component of a developed atheroma

A

Hyaline

44
Q

pulmonary/lung edema, heart failure cells aka siderophages, brown induration of lung

A
  • L side heart failure
45
Q

side heart failure: cor pulmonale, lung emphysema, hepatomegaly, nutmeg like liver, pedal edema

A

right side

46
Q

compensatory mechanism will you see in the L atrium in a patient with aortic valve insufficiency

A

Eccentric hypertrophy of L atrium

47
Q

_____ hypertrophy increases size of chamber, increase in width and length of myofibrils

A

eccentric

48
Q

_____ hypertrophy same chamber size, increase width of myofibril (does not increase in length)

A

concentric

49
Q

opposite of aortic stenosis, backflow of aorta to LV during diastole (regurgitation), low diastolic pressure (may go to zero)

A

Aortic Insufficiency

50
Q

LV hypertrophy (heart deviates to left, hypertensive heart), leads to cardiac failure (irreversible, atrophy/necrosis), dystrophic calcification of valves

A

Aortic Stenosis

51
Q

Heart Failure- due to adaptive response

A

Compensated

52
Q

due to lack of adaptive response

A

decompensated heart failure

Path II (21 decks)

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