Final Readings gouty arthritis/Pituitary/thyroid Flashcards
gouty arthritis: swelling due to
accumulation of sodium urates
asymmetrical and first MTP joint
gouty arthritis
what is podagra and what does it indicate?
gouty pain in great toe=involvement of other organs in the body
most dangerous of gout pathologies
gouty kidney (uric acid salts inhibit paranchym)
tophus deposition in gouty arthritis found where?
ear, DIP, hand, elbow
is tophus reversible
yes
Most common benign tumor of pituitary gland
prolactinoma
prolactinoma is associated with overproduction of prolactin and has what symptoms
amenorrhea
loss of libido
infertility
galactorrhea
man or women increases milk production (not pregnant)
galactorrhea
due to prolactinoma
Growth hormone ademona is adult
increases bone periosteum (witdth)
growth hormone adenoma aka
somatotroph cell ademoma
giganticism die very early because of
weak immune system/ischemia of the heart
hypercorticism results in
osteoporosis
corticotroph cell carcinoma affects the cells that are supposed to produce
adrenocorticoprophic hormone
corticotroph cell carcinoma causes hyper secretion of cortisol in adrenals resulting in
cushing syndrome
buffalo hump moon face less fat in butt and legs bruising easiIY always hypertensive
cushing syndrome
overstimulation of beta cells predisposing to DM2
cushing syndrome
most serious problem of someone with cushing syndrome
TB
In a child: Pituitary Dwarfism (Lorain-Levy syndrome)- characterized by
hypofunction of the pituitary gland
Adiposogential dystrophy(Frohlich’s syndrome)
results from pituitary gland tumor- you see specific obesity of the pelvis and undeveloped genitals. ginned pattern
Postpartem syndrome- (Sheehan’s syndrome)
results in necrosis of tissue because of lack of oxygen
-veins can’t maintain BP
normal urine production
1.5-1.6L/day
Diabetes insipidus can allow you to urinate
25L/day
1.002-1.004 sg
If the neuroendocrine cells in the epithelial lining of the bronchial wall develop cancer it may be the source of hyperfunction of _____
most common?
ADH
OAT cell carcinoma (malignant)
75% of pituitary tumors and does not produce hormones
pituitary adenoma (destroys gland function)
absence of the lateral field of vision due to tumor of the pituitary gland.
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
The account for the metabolic rate of the person
Triiodothyroxin- T3
______% of iodine uptake in the gland, it means the function of the gland is normal
20-45
______% means that function of the gland is increase (hyper)
45-90
is less than ____% intake then function of the gland is decreased
20
Manifestations and processes of hyperthyroidism are:
Hypermetabolic rate
Over activity of the sympathetic nervous system
The main causes of hyperthyroidism
diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid gland associated with Graves’ disease • The ingestion of excess exogenous thyroid hormone (administrated for hypothyroidism) • Hyperfunctional multi-nodular goiter • Hyperfunctional adenoma of the thyroid gland
The male to female ratio is 1/8. It develop in young ladies between 20-40 years old. This autoimmune pathology is characterized by the huge amount of antibodies, which mimic the action of thyroid stimulating hormone
Graves disease
occurs in 100% of patients with Graves disease
Diffuse (hyperplasia) goiter- enlargement of thyroid gland- hyperplasia of thyroid gland
There is hyperkeratosis of the lower distal 1/3 of the shins and feet without the growth of hair. It occurs in about 15% of patient’s with Graves disease.
Pretibial myxedema
autoimmune pathology of thyroid gland leading to destruction of the gland
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
radiation/ surgery can lead to
hypothyroidism
Gain of weight, but poor appetites. • Cold - because of low metabolic rate- no perspiration leading to brittle, dry hair, dryness of the skin • Mucopolysaccharides in the subcutaneous fatty layer which lead to being overweight • Poor appetite, diarrhea and constipation • Increased concentration of cholesterol in the blood, very low uptake of radioactive iodine • Low metabolic rate
Manifestations of hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism of embryo
cretinism (If the mother doesn’t have a normal amount of iodine in the pregnancy the baby doesn’t have normal mental development.)
•Short stature •Disproportions in the body •Lack of mental development •Umbilical hernia in newborn babies •Huge tongue
cretinism
MC development of disease in adults
Myxedema
Myxedema symptoms
Weak
• Wants to do nothing
• No energy because of slow metabolic process
• Swelling of the face- accumulation of fluid in subcutaneous fat, puffy lips, nose and swollen tongue.
is noninflammatory, nonneoplastic enlargement of the thyroid gland
goiter
Main cause of goiter is_____ deficiency
iodine
prevalent in people older than 40 years old who have an iodine deficiency
Toxic nodular goiter
Toxic nodular goiter
hyper-functional from mutations in the follicular cell
