Quiz 1b Flashcards
Study of changes in bodily structure and function that occur as a result of disease
Pathology
Cause of the injury/disease
Etiology
Natural history and development of the disease
Pathogenesis
The manner in which the incorrect function is expressed
Pathophysiology
The structural abnormality produced by the injury
Lesion
The cause of the disease is unknown
Idiopathic
The disease is a byproduct of medical diagnosis or treatment
Iatrogenic
Study of the functional aspects of disease by lab study of tissue, blood, urine or other body fluids
Clinical pathology
Decrease of blood supply to a tissue
Ischemia
Local ischemia is caused by
A thrombus
Global ischemia is caused by
Low perfusion pressure
Arises rapidly, is accompanied by distinctive symptoms and lasts a short time
Acute disease
Usually begins slowly, with signs and symptoms that are difficult to interpret, persists for a long time
Chronic disease
Can chronic diseases be prevented by vaccines or cured by meds?
No
Complaints reported by the patient or by someone else on behalf of the pt and are part of MH
Symptoms
Direct observations by examiner
Signs
A collection of clinical signs, symptoms and data
Syndrome
A syndrome may be caused by
Different diseases
Sickness and health do not refer to
Symptoms, signs, labs, x rays or scientific studies
Terms applied to observations - blood test, physical findings etc
Normal/abnormal
Describe the results of measurement or observations used to determine whether disease is present
Normal/abnormal
___________ are not perfect predictors of disease
Medical tests
Tests are _______ if abnormal
Positive
Planned cell death
Apoptosis
Cell death caused by disease
Necrosis
Mild injury or stress to cells induces cells to
Alter and adapt without dying
______ influence how we react to injury
Genes
Disease may result from injury itself OR
The repair process that follows
7 effects of mild cell injury
- Hydropic change (swelling)
- Intracellular accumulations
- Atrophy
- Hypertrophy
- Hyperplasia
- Dysplasia - premalignant
- Metaplasia - reversible change of one cell type into another
Most common type of necrosis
Coagulative
A gel-like change in blocks of freshly dead cells mostly cause by ischemia
Coagulative necrosis
Seen when entire limb loses blood supply
Gangrenous necrosis
Dead tissue dissolves into fluid and pus appears
Liquefactive necrosis
Seen in acute pancreatitis; see outlines of dead fat cells
Fat necrosis
Caused by TB infection, tissue is off white, soft and clumpy
Caseous necrosis
Seen in immune reactions in vessels - fibrin like substance deposited in vessel walls
Fibrinoid necrosis
Defective biologic function
Disease
2 most common causes of cell injury
- Hypoxia
2. Ischemia
5 causes of cell atrophy
- Reduced fxnal demand
- Inadequate blood supply
- Lack of hormonal or neural support
- Chronic injury
- Aging
6 types of necrosis and what conditions cause them
Caseous: TB
Coagulative: ischemia
Fibrinoid: immune reactions in vessels
Fat: acute pancreatitis
Gangrenous: entire limb losing blood supply
Liquefactive: bacterial/fungal infections
Replacement of cells for different cells - reversible
Metaplasia
Hinders cell maturation; increases the number of immature cells and decreases the amount of mature cells
Dysplasia
