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Inflammation overview Flashcards

1
Q

8 mechanisms of injury

A 
Ischemia
Infectious agents
Immune reactions
Genetic factors
Nutritional factors
Physical factors
Chemical factors
Psychosocial factors
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2
Q

Most common free radical

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

Regular exercise can increase bioavailability of what free radical?

A

NO

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4
Q

Difference between reversible and nonreversible cell damage

A

Reversible: nucleus remains in tact
Irreversible: cell death

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5
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A 
Erythema
Heat
Edema
Pain
Loss of function
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6
Q

Acute inflammation causes delivery of these two substances to site

A

Leukocytes and plasma proteins

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7
Q

3 chemical mediators of inflammation

A

Prostaglandins/leukotrines
Cytokines
Histamine

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8
Q

Chemical mediators responsible for heat and pain

A

Prostaglandins/leukotrines

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9
Q

Chemical mediators responsible for heat and metabolism

A

Cytokines

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10
Q

Chemical mediators responsible for redness/swelling

A

Histamine

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11
Q

Macrophages release ______________

A

Growth factors

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12
Q

What chemical mediators are responsible for migration of leukocytes?

A

Leukotrines

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13
Q

Excessive exss causes these three things

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Suppressed immune fxns
  3. DNA damage of leukocytes
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14
Q

4 phases of healing and times

A
  1. Hemostasis and degeneration
  2. Inflammation phase - days 1-6
  3. Proliferation phase - days 3-20
  4. Maturation phase - day 9-completion
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15
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Termination of blood loss from a disrupted intravascular space

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16
Q

3 most important cells for inflammation phase of healing

A

Neutrophils
Monocytes
MACROPHAGES

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17
Q

Describe the vascular response during the inflammation phase of healing

A

Vasodilation (histamine) –> vasoconstriction

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18
Q

What coats microbes to prepare them for phagocytosis?

A

Leukocytes

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19
Q

Most important process of inflammation phase

A

Phagocytosis

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20
Q

What forms first - transudate or exudate?

A

Transudate

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21
Q

Example of exudate

22
Q

4 simultaneous events during proliferation phase

A
  1. Neovascularization
  2. Epithelialization
  3. Collagenization
  4. Would contracture
23
Q

4 phases of collagenization and times

A

Day 7: amt of collagen is significant
Day 12: type III replaced by type I
Day 21: max prod acheived - 20% of normal
6 week: 80% of LT strength

24
Q

When does wound contracture occur?

A

5 days post

25
Q

Cells responsible for promotion of neovascularization

A

Macrophages

26
Q

3 components of epithelialization

A
  1. Fibronectin (glue)
  2. Proteoglycans/elastin
  3. Collagen
27
Q

In healing, immobilization can _____ and ______ healing

A

Aid in

Impair

28
Q

4 PT interventions that affect tissue healing

A
  1. Movement to incr blood flow
  2. Inc ST extensibility
  3. Control inflammation/adhesions
  4. Control pain
29
Q

Longest phase of healing

A

Maturation phase

30
Q

3 steps of maturation phase

A
  1. Collagen synthesis
  2. Collagen fiber orientation
  3. HEALED INJURY
31
Q

Time frame for acute inflammation

32
Q

Histamine _____ vessel permeability

33
Q

Histomine is a vaso_____ and a broncho______

A

Vasodilator, bronchoconstrictor

34
Q

Cytokines are produced by…

A

Leukocytes

35
Q

2 examples of chronic inflammation

A

OA, chronic fibrosis

36
Q

Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury:

Ischemia

37
Q

Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury:

Infectious agents

A

Bacteria, virus, sepsis

38
Q

Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury:

Immune reactions

A

Allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock

39
Q

Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury:

Genetic factors

A

Down syndrome
Sickle cell
HTN

40
Q

Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury:

Nutritional factors

41
Q

Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury:

Chemical factors

A

Mercury poisoning, drug OD

FREE RADICALS

42
Q

Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury:

Psychosocial factors

A

Fear, tension, anxiety

43
Q

3 definitions of cell injury: anything that can…..

A
  1. Alter info content of cell
  2. Cause changes in function of cell
  3. Affect homeostasis
44
Q

Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury:

Physical factors

A

Trauma, temperature

45
Q

Free radical formation is an integral part of _________

A

Metabolism

46
Q

Oxygen toxicity is caused by….

A

Oxidative stress

47
Q

Oxygen radicals are _____ to cells

48
Q

What can neutralize free radicals?

A

Antioxidants

49
Q

Oxidative stress decreases bioavailability of ___

50
Q

Moderate exss provides protection against ___________

A

Dna damage

51
Q

Regular exercise can (3)

A
  1. Increase NO bioavailability
  2. Up regulation of antioxidant defense system
  3. Improved repair response

Patho (17 decks)

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