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Patho > Inflammation overview > Flashcards

Inflammation overview Flashcards

1
Q

8 mechanisms of injury

A 
Ischemia
Infectious agents
Immune reactions
Genetic factors
Nutritional factors
Physical factors
Chemical factors
Psychosocial factors
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2
Q

Most common free radical

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

Regular exercise can increase bioavailability of what free radical?

A

NO

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4
Q

Difference between reversible and nonreversible cell damage

A

Reversible: nucleus remains in tact
Irreversible: cell death

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5
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A 
Erythema
Heat
Edema
Pain
Loss of function
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6
Q

Acute inflammation causes delivery of these two substances to site

A

Leukocytes and plasma proteins

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7
Q

3 chemical mediators of inflammation

A

Prostaglandins/leukotrines
Cytokines
Histamine

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8
Q

Chemical mediators responsible for heat and pain

A

Prostaglandins/leukotrines

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9
Q

Chemical mediators responsible for heat and metabolism

A

Cytokines

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10
Q

Chemical mediators responsible for redness/swelling

A

Histamine

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11
Q

Macrophages release ______________

A

Growth factors

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12
Q

What chemical mediators are responsible for migration of leukocytes?

A

Leukotrines

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13
Q

Excessive exss causes these three things

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Suppressed immune fxns
  3. DNA damage of leukocytes
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14
Q

4 phases of healing and times

A
  1. Hemostasis and degeneration
  2. Inflammation phase - days 1-6
  3. Proliferation phase - days 3-20
  4. Maturation phase - day 9-completion
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15
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Termination of blood loss from a disrupted intravascular space

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16
Q

3 most important cells for inflammation phase of healing

A

Neutrophils
Monocytes
MACROPHAGES

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17
Q

Describe the vascular response during the inflammation phase of healing

A

Vasodilation (histamine) –> vasoconstriction

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18
Q

What coats microbes to prepare them for phagocytosis?

A

Leukocytes

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19
Q

Most important process of inflammation phase

A

Phagocytosis

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20
Q

What forms first - transudate or exudate?

A

Transudate

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21
Q

Example of exudate

22
Q

4 simultaneous events during proliferation phase

A
  1. Neovascularization
  2. Epithelialization
  3. Collagenization
  4. Would contracture
23
Q

4 phases of collagenization and times

A

Day 7: amt of collagen is significant
Day 12: type III replaced by type I
Day 21: max prod acheived - 20% of normal
6 week: 80% of LT strength

24
Q

When does wound contracture occur?

A

5 days post

25
Cells responsible for promotion of neovascularization
Macrophages
26
3 components of epithelialization
1. Fibronectin (glue) 2. Proteoglycans/elastin 3. Collagen
27
In healing, immobilization can _____ and ______ healing
Aid in | Impair
28
4 PT interventions that affect tissue healing
1. Movement to incr blood flow 2. Inc ST extensibility 3. Control inflammation/adhesions 4. Control pain
29
Longest phase of healing
Maturation phase
30
3 steps of maturation phase
1. Collagen synthesis 2. Collagen fiber orientation 3. HEALED INJURY
31
Time frame for acute inflammation
2 weeks
32
Histamine _____ vessel permeability
Increases
33
Histomine is a vaso_____ and a broncho______
Vasodilator, bronchoconstrictor
34
Cytokines are produced by...
Leukocytes
35
2 examples of chronic inflammation
OA, chronic fibrosis
36
Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury: Ischemia
Thrombus
37
Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury: Infectious agents
Bacteria, virus, sepsis
38
Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury: Immune reactions
Allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock
39
Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury: Genetic factors
Down syndrome Sickle cell HTN
40
Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury: Nutritional factors
Iron
41
Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury: Chemical factors
Mercury poisoning, drug OD **FREE RADICALS**
42
Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury: Psychosocial factors
Fear, tension, anxiety
43
3 definitions of cell injury: anything that can.....
1. Alter info content of cell 2. Cause changes in function of cell 3. Affect homeostasis
44
Give an example of this mechanism of cell injury: Physical factors
Trauma, temperature
45
Free radical formation is an integral part of _________
Metabolism
46
Oxygen toxicity is caused by....
Oxidative stress
47
Oxygen radicals are _____ to cells
Toxic
48
What can neutralize free radicals?
Antioxidants
49
Oxidative stress decreases bioavailability of ___
NO
50
Moderate exss provides protection against ___________
Dna damage
51
Regular exercise can (3)
1. Increase NO bioavailability 2. Up regulation of antioxidant defense system 3. Improved repair response

Patho (17 decks)

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