MJ Hepatic Lecture Flashcards
what does albumin do?
helps fluid stay in vasculature
what important plasma protein does the liver produce?
albumin
why is the liver a primary organ for metastasis of intestinal cancer?
filters all blood from GI system
pancreas is a _______ and _______ gland
exocrine and endocrine
1º fxn of pancreas
exocrine secretion of digestive enzymes
pancreas’ endocrine fxn
secretion of glucagon and insulin
gallbladder is a reservoir for ______
bile
3 biggest concern symptoms for liver disease
confusion, edema, ascites
liver metabolizes and detoxifies _________
ammonia
________ crosses the blood-brain barrier
ammonia
what activities increase portal HTN?
eating and coughing
cornerstone of treatment for liver disease
rest
liver disease pts have decreased _______ abilities
clotting
tremor of hand when wrist is extended seen in liver disease
asterixis
liver ______ in size and weight with aging
decreases
what happens to blood flow in liver with aging?
diminished
6 liver disease complications
- jaundice
- cirrhosis
- portal HTN
- hepatic encephalopathy
- hepatorenal syndrome
- ascites
what is ascites?
accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity causing swelling of abdomen
final pathway of chronic, progressive inflammation of liver
cirrhosis
what is cirrhosis?
replacement of normal tissue w fibrotic tissue
2 most common causes of cirrhosis
alc abuse/HBV
pressure that indicates portal HTN
over 6 mmHg
barriers to blood flow _______ portal HTN
increase
varices
abnormal blood vessel
portal HTN results in ______ in what two locations?
varices
rectum and gastroesophageal (most serious)
when is portal pressure the highest?
at night and after a meal
why can’t you lie a pt with ascites in supine?
won’t be able to breathe
ascites is a result of ______
portal htn
position that pt with ascites should be in
high fowler - head of bed raised 18-20 in
acute or chronic inflammation of the liver caused by virus, chemical, drug rxn or alc abuse
hepatitis
how many different types of hep?
6 - ABCDEG
generic term for any rapidly progressing form of liver inflammation that results in hep encephalopathy within a few weeks of developing infection
fulminant hepatitis - F
most cases of chronic hep are __________
asymptomatic
what quadrant will hep pts have pain in?
upper R
prognosis of hep depends on….
development of cirrhosis
hep can _____ before symptoms appear
spread
how is HAV transmitted?
oral-fecal route
major outbreaks of HAV occur when?
when people consume contaminated water or food
is HAV acute or chronic?
acute
how to transmit HBV
needle stick or mucosal
most common cause of chronic hep and liver CA
HBV
major risk factor for liver CA
HCV
how to transmit HCV
injection drug use
HCV is often…
asymptomatic
most common type of chronic hep
HCV
you have to have ____ in order to have ____
B, D
high incidence of HDV among these two groups
IVDA and sexually active people
if you have HDV, you are more likely to develop….
HFV and chronic active hep/cirrhosis
how to transmit HEV
contaminated water via oral-fecal route
is HEV fatal?
na
HEV occurs in __________
developing countries
prevalent in african countries
HGV
how is HGV transmitted?
injection, sexually
