Diabetes Flashcards
DM is a ________ characterized by _________-
syndrome; hyperglycemia
HgbA1C that signifies DM
> 6.5%
pts with type 1 lose the ability to make ______ and later, _______
insulin and glucagon
this type of diabetes is autoimmune
1
name of cells responsible for making insulin/glucagon
islet cells
type 1 patients are ______ prone
ketosis
______ occur prior to the development of type 1
antibodies
in type 1, what do the antibodies destroy?
beta cells
percentage of people with diabetes who have type 2
90-95%
type 2 is most common in __________ groups
non-caucasian
in type 2, the body makes __________ but does not respond effectively
insulin
abnormal sensitivity –> ____________ –> _______________
hyperinsulinemia; central obesity/metabolic syndrome
2 places that fat goes that it shouldn’t be
muscle and liver
3 causes of hyperglycemia
- low levels of insulin
- high levels of glucagon
- insulin resistance
polydyspia
excessive drinking water
polyphagia
excessive eating
7 symptoms of hyperglycemia
- polyuria
- polydyspia
- polyphagia
- weight loss
- blurred vision
- muscle fatigue/cramps
- parathesias
two classifications of hypoglycemia symptoms
sympathetic (warning symptoms of impending hypoglycemia)
neuroglycopenia
neuroglycopenia
shortage of glucose in the brain
6 sympathetic hypo symptoms
- anxiety
- sweating
- tremor
- tachycardia
- HTN
- light headed
6 neuroglycopenia symptoms of hypo
- hunger
- confusion
- aggressive behavior
- memory loss
- hypothermia
- coma
risk of CVD prior to diagnosis of type 2 is…
v high
severe diabetic complication can lead to…. (2)
premature coronary events and PAD
what levels are used to measure hgbA1C
non-enzymatic glycosylation
hgbA1C estimates…
avg sugar levels
bed rest for ____ days increases insulin sensitivity
2
if you have diabetes, you should get up and move every ____ minutes to help ____________
30 min; keep blood sugar under control
exercise in type 2 enhances…
insulin sensitivity
in exercise for type 2, ______ is more important than _________
frequency>intensity
exercise can induce ___________ at high intensity
hyperglycemia
avoid exercising shortly after ________
short acting injection
type 1 should not exercise at this time of day. why?
late at night
delayed hypoglycemia episode will occur while they’re asleep
