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Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

a new infection that develops during a hospitalization

A

nosocomial

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2
Q

3 most common nosocomial infections

A

surgical site infection
pneumonia
central vascular line

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3
Q

neutropenic precautions

A

specifically for pts with low WBC

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4
Q

in aging, number of lymphocytes is _________ but….

A

the same, but morphologically inferior

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5
Q

where do pathogens/agents hang out?

A

reservoirs

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6
Q

3 steps of chain of transmission

A
  1. portal of exit
  2. transmission
  3. modes of entry in susceptible host
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7
Q

how does chemotherapy make pts immunocompromised?

A

kills all cells - some WBCs

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8
Q

neutropenic precautions are for patients with…

A

low WBC count

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9
Q

“protective isolations” of neutropenic pts means…

A

they’ll be put in a single bed room

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10
Q

biggest thing to watch for in a neutropenic pt

A

fever

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11
Q

__________ response more common upon aging

A

autoimmune

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12
Q

microorganisms transferred with no intermediate

A

direct contact transmission

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13
Q

transfer of infectious agent through an intermediate

A

indirect contact transmission

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14
Q

how far can droplets fly

A

<3 ft

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15
Q

3 examples of droplet transmission

A
  1. MRSA
  2. flu
  3. SARS
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16
Q

2 main examples of airborne transmission

A
  1. tuberculosis

2. varicella

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17
Q

CRE is resistant to __________

A

cleaning solutions

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18
Q

2 biggest things about indirect transmission

A
  1. will live on surface for a long time

2. hard 2 kill

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19
Q

CRE transmission type

A

indirect contact

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20
Q

most common nosocomial infection

A

staph

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21
Q

suparative

A

pus forming

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22
Q

most common suparative infection

A

staph

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23
Q

how does staph spread?

A

indirect contact

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24
Q

main differences between bacteremia and septicemia

A
  1. S = multiplying bacteria
  2. B can resolve w/o treatment
  3. S can progress to sepsis
  4. S treated by antibiotics
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25
Q

transmission of acenitobacter

A

contact

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26
Q

how long can acenitobacter live on skin?

A

2-3 days

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27
Q

acenitobacter frequently seen in ______ pts

A

vent

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28
Q

MRSA is resistant to all drugs EXCEPT ________

A

vancomycin

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29
Q

APTA guidelines regarding MRSA

A

colonized area contained for clinic treatment

30
Q

candida transmission

A

direct contact

31
Q

fungal infection that colonizes body cavities

32
Q

_______________ is a growing problem in candida

A

fluconazole resistant strain

33
Q

bone inflammation that can be secondary to staph

A

osteomyelitis

34
Q

where does VRE colonize?

A

digestive and urinary tract

35
Q

transmission of strep

A

indirect contact

36
Q

strep is highly __________

A

contagious

37
Q

most common cause of pneumonia

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

38
Q

infection associated with trauma and ischemia

A

necrotizing fasciitis

39
Q

necrotizing fasciitis is ________ if untreated

40
Q

pseudomonas aurengiosum transmission

41
Q

pseudomonas aurengiosum population

A

IV drug users

42
Q

pseudomonas aurengiosum characteristics

A

fruity odor, yellow/green, nosocomial

43
Q

TB transmission

44
Q

over how many feet can airborne transmission occur?

45
Q

flu transmission

46
Q

causes annual outbreaks in infants and v young kiddos

A

respiratory synctial virus (RSV)

47
Q

HIV transmission

A

direct contact

48
Q

use alcohol based hand cleaners for all infections EXCEPT:

A

c difficile

49
Q

c diff precautions

50
Q

SARS

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome

51
Q

SARS has a long _______

A

incubation period

52
Q

transmission of SARS is associated with these two things in HCW:

A
  1. close contact

2. inconsistent use of PPE

53
Q

a form of atypical pneumonia

A

legionnaire’s disease

54
Q

legionnaire’s disease is often found where….

A

temps allow bacteria to thrive

55
Q

describe appropriate transmission based precautions for legionnares

A

no real transmission precautions bc only spread with the special equipment, not person-to-person

56
Q

most common to see an infection associated w implanted devices in a….

57
Q

pts who have infections associated w implanted device have very long……

A

recovery periods - have to take it out and put a new one in

58
Q

based on principle that all fluids, mucous membranes and excretions may contain infectious agents

A

standard precautions

59
Q

one excretion that is not included in standard precautions

60
Q

3 things that can dec hand hygiene

A
  1. jewelry
  2. length of nails
  3. artificial nails
61
Q

standard precautions should reduce incidence of which two transmissions?

A

direct and indirect

62
Q

3 categories of transmission-based precautions

A
  1. contact
  2. airborne
  3. droplet
63
Q

2 common infections that need contact precautions

A
  1. VRE

2. c diff

64
Q

explain cohorting

A

combining pts with similar infections in rooms to control MRSA and VRE

65
Q

PPE donning/doffing order

A
  1. gown
  2. mask/respirator
  3. goggles/face shield
  4. gloves
66
Q

pts who need droplet precautions should wear a _____ when outside room

67
Q

what is necessary to don for droplet precautions?

A

mask - not respirator

68
Q

room with air exhausted directly to the outside or recirculated

A

airborne infection isolation room

69
Q

turn off this tube during therapy

70
Q

wear PPE when suctioning or mobing pt with uncapped __________

A

tracheostomy

71
Q

avoid _________ foley _____________

A

raising foley above bladder level

72
Q

5 recommended vaccinations

A
  1. hep b
  2. flu
  3. MMR
  4. varicella
  5. tetanus

Patho (17 decks)

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