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Patho > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

equation for THR

A

20-30 above resting

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2
Q

name of DVT prediction test

A

Wells Clinical Prediction Rule for DVT

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3
Q

risk score interpretation aka probability of DVT:

> /= 3 points

A

high risk (75%)

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4
Q

risk score interpretation aka probability of DVT:

1-2 points

A

moderate risk (17%)

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5
Q

risk score interpretation aka probability of DVT:

<1 point

A

low risk (3%)

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6
Q

this might happen overnight in elderly population and change cognition

A

UTI

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7
Q

1 cancer killer

A

lung CA

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8
Q

most common cancer in men

A

prostate

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9
Q

most common cancer in women

A

breast

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10
Q

__________ kills more females than breast cancer

A

heart disease

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11
Q

what sex is more likely to develop cancer?

A

male

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12
Q

ethnicity/sex most likely to die from cancer

A

black men

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13
Q

cancer with lowest 5 year survival rate

A

pancreas

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14
Q

4 characteristics that describe cancer

A

clonality
autonomy
anaplasia
metastases

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15
Q

single stem cell proliferates into malignant clone

A

clonality

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16
Q

unregulated growth - no regulation by biochemical and physical influences

A

autonomy

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17
Q

lack of normal, coordinated cell differentiation

A

anaplasia

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18
Q

cancer cells develop capacity for discontinuous growth and can disseminate to other parts of body

A

metastases

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19
Q

process by which normal cell converts to a cancer cell

A

malignant transformation

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20
Q

cancer = _____ = ______

A

neoplasia

malignancy

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21
Q

3 things that cause illness in cancer

A
  1. local expansion
  2. biochemically active molecules
  3. invasion into adj or distant tissue sites
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22
Q

term for spread of cancer

A

metastases

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23
Q

variation in _____ can lead to development of CA

A

diet

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24
Q

where does breast/prostate CA metastasize?

A

bone
brain
lung
liver

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25
Q

where does lung CA metastasize?

A

bone
brain
liver

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26
Q

chemo given after surgery to prevent a reoccurence

A

adjuvant chemo

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27
Q

chemo given prior to a surgical procedure, attempt to shrink tumor

A

neoadjuvant chemo

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28
Q

given to induce a remission, generally used for acute leukemia

A

induction chemo

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29
Q

given if a disease has not responded or reocurred after first line, in some cases known as salvage therapy

A

second line chemo

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30
Q

given specifically to address symptom management without significantly reducing the cancer

A

palliative chemo

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31
Q

means low point - drop in WBC, RBC, platelets

A

nadir

32
Q

when does nadir occur?

A

7-10 days after treatment, takes 3-4 weeks to return to normal

33
Q

term used to describe both the long term and late term effects of cancer treatment

A

persistent effects

34
Q

2 important persistent effects across the board

A

pain and fatigue

35
Q

peripheral neuropathy can be caused by which treatment?

A

chemo

36
Q

what will a pt experience on the day of radiation?

A

fatigue

37
Q

myelosuppression

A

bone marrow suppression

38
Q

alopecia

A

hair loss

39
Q

anemia

A

low RBC

40
Q

neutropenia

A

low WBC

41
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low platelet

42
Q

biggest problem in cancer therapy pts

A

mouth dryness

43
Q

spo2 for anemic patients on room air

A

100%

44
Q

anemia causes a drop in SBP or DBP?

A

DBP

45
Q

call physician if your anemic patient has _______ on low levels of exertion

A

dyspnea

46
Q

most common dose-limiting side effect

A

neutropenia

47
Q

level of WBCs at which pt should wear a mask and not exercise

A

less than 1000

48
Q

level of neutrophils at which pt should wear mask

A

less than 500

49
Q

encourages stem cells to divide and develop into wbcs, rbcs, and platelets

A

colony-stimulating factors

50
Q

colony-stimulating factors do not affect the ________ but support person’s immune system during treatment

A

tumor

51
Q

too many WBCs can cause these 3 things

A
  1. spleen rupture
  2. ards
  3. pain in bones/muscle
52
Q

too many RBCs can cause these 4 things

A
  1. CVA
  2. MI
  3. DVT
  4. tumor progression
53
Q

too may platelets can cause

A

anaphylaxis

54
Q

CRF

A

cancer related fatigue

55
Q

potential contributors to CRF

A

proinflammatory cytokines

56
Q

an effective strategy to treat CRF

A

low intensity aerobic exss

57
Q

3 cancers CRF is most prevalent in

A

pancreatic, breast, lymphoma

58
Q

bone loss can lead to..

A

hypercalcemia

59
Q

2 things caused by immobility

A

DVT

pulmonary embolus

60
Q

characterized by weight loss, anorexia, weakness, and loss of functional capacity

A

cachexia

61
Q

in cancer, exercise is ineffective in….

A

building lean body mass

62
Q

1 week of immobility could require as much as __________ of rehab to regain FS

A

1 month

63
Q

how often to move a pt to avoid skin breakdown

A

every 2 hours

64
Q

fixed joint position causes…..

A

collagen fibers to shorten

65
Q

most common site for bony metastases

A

lumbar spine

66
Q

radiation therapy can cause _____ edema

A

late

67
Q

women with lymphedema should wear _____ during exss

A

wellfitting garment

68
Q

hormonal therapy pts - be aware of ________-

A

osteoporosis

69
Q

best rest rule

A

gravitational stress + exercise stress

get them to move in bed even if they can’t get up

70
Q

WBC <5000 or 10,000 w fever

A

no exercise

71
Q

WBC >5000

A

light exercise

72
Q

HCT <25%

A

no exercise

73
Q

hgb < 8

A

no exercise - bed mob, dangling

74
Q

hgb 8-10

A

light exercise

75
Q

hgb > 10

A

resistive exercises

aerobic exercises

76
Q

platelet level for no exercise

A

<20,000

77
Q

INR

A

universal measurement of how thin your blood is

Patho (17 decks)

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