Cancer Flashcards
equation for THR
20-30 above resting
name of DVT prediction test
Wells Clinical Prediction Rule for DVT
risk score interpretation aka probability of DVT:
> /= 3 points
high risk (75%)
risk score interpretation aka probability of DVT:
1-2 points
moderate risk (17%)
risk score interpretation aka probability of DVT:
<1 point
low risk (3%)
this might happen overnight in elderly population and change cognition
UTI
1 cancer killer
lung CA
most common cancer in men
prostate
most common cancer in women
breast
__________ kills more females than breast cancer
heart disease
what sex is more likely to develop cancer?
male
ethnicity/sex most likely to die from cancer
black men
cancer with lowest 5 year survival rate
pancreas
4 characteristics that describe cancer
clonality
autonomy
anaplasia
metastases
single stem cell proliferates into malignant clone
clonality
unregulated growth - no regulation by biochemical and physical influences
autonomy
lack of normal, coordinated cell differentiation
anaplasia
cancer cells develop capacity for discontinuous growth and can disseminate to other parts of body
metastases
process by which normal cell converts to a cancer cell
malignant transformation
cancer = _____ = ______
neoplasia
malignancy
3 things that cause illness in cancer
- local expansion
- biochemically active molecules
- invasion into adj or distant tissue sites
term for spread of cancer
metastases
variation in _____ can lead to development of CA
diet
where does breast/prostate CA metastasize?
bone
brain
lung
liver
where does lung CA metastasize?
bone
brain
liver
chemo given after surgery to prevent a reoccurence
adjuvant chemo
chemo given prior to a surgical procedure, attempt to shrink tumor
neoadjuvant chemo
given to induce a remission, generally used for acute leukemia
induction chemo
given if a disease has not responded or reocurred after first line, in some cases known as salvage therapy
second line chemo
given specifically to address symptom management without significantly reducing the cancer
palliative chemo
means low point - drop in WBC, RBC, platelets
nadir
when does nadir occur?
7-10 days after treatment, takes 3-4 weeks to return to normal
term used to describe both the long term and late term effects of cancer treatment
persistent effects
2 important persistent effects across the board
pain and fatigue
peripheral neuropathy can be caused by which treatment?
chemo
what will a pt experience on the day of radiation?
fatigue
myelosuppression
bone marrow suppression
alopecia
hair loss
anemia
low RBC
neutropenia
low WBC
thrombocytopenia
low platelet
biggest problem in cancer therapy pts
mouth dryness
spo2 for anemic patients on room air
100%
anemia causes a drop in SBP or DBP?
DBP
call physician if your anemic patient has _______ on low levels of exertion
dyspnea
most common dose-limiting side effect
neutropenia
level of WBCs at which pt should wear a mask and not exercise
less than 1000
level of neutrophils at which pt should wear mask
less than 500
encourages stem cells to divide and develop into wbcs, rbcs, and platelets
colony-stimulating factors
colony-stimulating factors do not affect the ________ but support person’s immune system during treatment
tumor
too many WBCs can cause these 3 things
- spleen rupture
- ards
- pain in bones/muscle
too many RBCs can cause these 4 things
- CVA
- MI
- DVT
- tumor progression
too may platelets can cause
anaphylaxis
CRF
cancer related fatigue
potential contributors to CRF
proinflammatory cytokines
an effective strategy to treat CRF
low intensity aerobic exss
3 cancers CRF is most prevalent in
pancreatic, breast, lymphoma
bone loss can lead to..
hypercalcemia
2 things caused by immobility
DVT
pulmonary embolus
characterized by weight loss, anorexia, weakness, and loss of functional capacity
cachexia
in cancer, exercise is ineffective in….
building lean body mass
1 week of immobility could require as much as __________ of rehab to regain FS
1 month
how often to move a pt to avoid skin breakdown
every 2 hours
fixed joint position causes…..
collagen fibers to shorten
most common site for bony metastases
lumbar spine
radiation therapy can cause _____ edema
late
women with lymphedema should wear _____ during exss
wellfitting garment
hormonal therapy pts - be aware of ________-
osteoporosis
best rest rule
gravitational stress + exercise stress
get them to move in bed even if they can’t get up
WBC <5000 or 10,000 w fever
no exercise
WBC >5000
light exercise
HCT <25%
no exercise
hgb < 8
no exercise - bed mob, dangling
hgb 8-10
light exercise
hgb > 10
resistive exercises
aerobic exercises
platelet level for no exercise
<20,000
INR
universal measurement of how thin your blood is
