Question bank random mix (part 2) Flashcards
What electrolyte imbalance do thiazide diuretics cause?
hypercalcaemia
what change can macrolides (eg clarithromycin) cause on ECG?
Prolonged QT
what are the rules for tetanus cover following a potentially tetanus prone wound
- if patient has had all childhood vaccines with the last dose less than 10 year ago then no need for any cover
- otherwise give tetanus booster and add immunoglobulin if high risk wound (very contaminated, dying tissue, surgery needed)
what is a marjolin ulcer
a squamous cell carcinoma occuring at sites of chronic inflammation or previous injury
what are the features of acute angle closure glaucoma
severe pain, decreased visual acuity, semi-dilated pupil, hazy cornea
management of aspirin overdose within 1 hour
activated charcoal
which tumour marker is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma?
serum alpha fetoprotein
what clinical sign can often be found in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea?
hypertension
after how long do seizures typically occur in alcohol withdrawl?
24-48hrs (peak at 36hrs)
when does delirium tremens usually occur in alcohol withdrawl?
48- 72hrs later
what is first line management of alcohol withdrawl
long acting benzodiazepine ie chlordiazepoxide or diazepam
what are the causes of hyponatraemia in a patient who is euvolemic?
SIADH, hypothyroidism
what are the causes of hyponatraemia in a patient who is hypovolemic?
diuretics, addisons, renal failure
what is the management of infectious mononucleosis?
supportive + avoid contact sports for 4 weeks
what is the managment of a severe UC flare?
Admit for IV steroids
what is the management of a tympanic membrane perforation?
- self resolving after 6-8 weeks + keep dry
- oral antibiotics if perforation following acute otitis media
how do you manage acute dystonia secondary to antiphyschotics?
procyclidine
what is the first line management of bilateral nasal polyps?
intranasal steroid spray or drops and routine referral to ENT
what cause of gastroenteritis can precipitate lactose intolerance?
giardiasis
what is the most common type of inherited colorectal cancer?
hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma
what is a quick and easy bedside test to preform to confirm a nasal fluid leak is CSF
check for glucose
what are the first and second line investigations for acute mesenteric ischemia?
1st - lactate (will be raised)
2nd - CT angio
what electrolyte abnormality is associated with PPIs
hypomagnesia
what is a useful test of exocrine function in chronic pancreatitis?
faecal elastase
what cardiac arrest rhythm will tension pneumothorax cause
PEA
what are the features of horner’s sydrome?
- ptosis
- miosis
- anhidrosis (no sweating to one side of face)
what is the management of familial hypercholestrolaemia?
high dose statin, management from lipid clinic, test all primary relatives (children from age 10) `
which vaccines are live attenuated
- BCG
- MMR
- intranasal influenxa
- oral rotavirus
- oral polio
- yellow fever
- oral typhoid
what is the cause of kaposi’s sarcoma?
HHV-8 (herpes type 8)
how does kaposi’s sarcoma present
purple bullae type rash on skin and mucosa
haemoptysis and pleural effusion
what disease is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma?
HIV
what is the management of Kaposi’s sarcoma?
radiotherapy and resection
how does central cord syndrome present?
upper limb weakness (corticospinal) and loss of upper limb pain and temperature (spinothalamic)
cape like pattern
what are the common causes of central cord syndrome?
trauma (hyperextension cervical injury), tumours of spinal cord, syringohydromyelgia
how does anterior cord syndrome present?
upper and lower limb weakness (corticospinal) and loss of upper and lower limb pain and temperature (spinothalamic) below level of issue
what are the common causes of anterior cord syndrome?
anterior spinal artery ischemia
how does brown-sequard syndrome present?
ipsilateral loss of motor + fine touch and vibration (dorsal column sensory loss) and contralateral loss of pain and temperature (spinothalamic)
what is the common cause of brown-sequard syndrome?
stab injuries
