Psychiatry Flashcards
what anti-psychotic can be used in pregnancy?
olanzapine
what anti-depressant is licenced for use in children
fluoxetine
what are the absolute contraindications to ECT?
- MI within the last 3 monhts
- recent stroke/TIA
- intracranial lesion
- pheochromocytoma
what is the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa
- BMI <17
- self induced weight loss
- fear of fatness
amenorrhoea - body image disturbance
what features make someone high risk with anorexia nervosa
- BMI <13 with weight loss more than 1kg per week
- prolonged QT, HR<40, BP <80
- temp <34
- unable to rise from squat without arms for leverage
cognitive impairment
What are the PTSD criteria
- traumatic event + 1 intrusive symptom + 2 increased arousal symptoms + 3 avoidance symptoms
what is the management for PTSD
- CBT or eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing
when can you diagnose PTSD?
4 weeks
what are examples of SSRIs
fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram
what are examples of SNRIs
venlafaxine, dluloxetine
what are examples of tricyclics
amitriptyline, imipramine, doselupin
what are examples of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
phenalzine - irreversible
meclobamide - reversible
what are examples of typical antipsychotics?
- haloperidol, chlorpromazine
what are examples of atypical antipsychotics?
-olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, clozapine, aripiprazole
what are the 4 key side effects of typical antipsychotics?
- acute dystonic reaction (spasms that present hours to days within starting med)
- parkinsonism ( days-months)
- akathisia (restless legs)
- tardive dyskinesia (orofacial twitches/ movements years after starting drug)
what are side effects of clozapine
- agranulocytosis
- myocarditis
- paralytic ileus
what is an emergency detention order?
- 72 hour assessment
- no treatment authorised
- FY2 or above
what is a short term detention order?
- up to 28 days for assessment/treatment
- approved medical practitioner plus mental health officer
- right of appeal
what is a compulsory treatment order
- initially up to 6 months
- mental health disorder present
- mandatory tribunal
treatment authorised
what is an advanced statement?
patient writes what they wish to happen in terms of illness. Must be witnessed, dated and signed when the person is well. Can be overruled
what is a named person
patients can choose someone to support them and protect their interests. They have the right to be notified of, attend and be represented at tribunal hearings
what is a nursing holding power?
- up to 3 hours of detention
- by registered mental health nurse or intellectual disability nurse
- patient needs to be in hospital receiving treatment
what are policing powers
- removal of a person from a public place to a place of safety
- up to 24hrs to allow an assessment to be carried out
what is the ADHD triad?
Inattention + hyperactivity + impulsivity
what perinatal factors are associated with ADHD?
tobacco and alcohol in pregnancy
significant prematurity and perinatal hypoxia
short or long labour, foetal distress, low forceps delivery, eclampsia
what is the treatment for ADHD
- psychosocial interventions (parent training etc)
- stimulants: methylphenidate, dexamphetamine
what are the core features of autism spectrum disorder?
- impaired social communication
- impaired social integration
- impaired social imagination
- impaired repetitive behaviours
what is capgras delusion
people you know have been replaced by imposters
what is fregoli delusion
see different people as the same person
what is a nihilistic delusion
feel you have already died
what is de clerabault delusion
delusion that a celebrity is in love with you
what is othello syndrome
delusion that your partner is having an affair
what are the learning disability ranges
Normal = 70-120
mild LD = 50-70
moderate LD = 35-50
severe/profound LD = <35
what is paranoid personality disorder
- suspicious of others
- bears grudges
what is schizoid personality disorder
- few activities provide pleasure
- emotionally cold, detached
- indifferent
- likes to bbe alone
what is schizotypal personality disorder
- ideas of refernce
- odd beliefs and magical thinking
- peculiar behaviour
what are the cluster B personality disorders
- antisocial
- emotionally unstable
- histrionic
- narcicisstic
what is antisocial personality disorder
- callous unconcern for feelings of others
- blames others
- cannot maintain lasting relationships
- low threshold for aggression
- does not feel guilt
what is emotionally unstable personality disorder?
- acts without consideration of consequences
- rapidly cycling mood changes
- conflicts with others
what is histrionic personality disorder
- exaggerated expression of emotions
- shallow
- overly concerned with physical attractiveness
- inappropriately seductive
what is narcissistic personality disorder
- grandiosity
- fantasies of infinite success
- they are extraordinary
- wants admiration
- no empathy
what are the cluster C personality disorders?
- avoidant/anxious
- dependent
- obsessive compulsive/ Anankastic
what is avoidant personality disorder
- persistant feeling of tension/apprehension
- beleif that they are inferior to others
- crippling fear of rejection
what is dependent personality disorder
- encourgaing or allowing others to make most of their important life decisions
- helpless when alone
- cant make decisions
what is anankastic personality disorder
- feeling of excessive doubt and caution
- preoccupation with details, rules, list, schedule
- perfectionist
- wants things done their way
what is anankastic personality disorder
- feeling of excessive doubt and caution
- preoccupation with details, rules, list, schedule
- perfectionist
- wants things done their way
what symptom is pathopneumonic for schizophrenia
form of thought disorder
what drug is most likely to cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome
haloperidol
what is the triad for wernickes encephalopathy
ataxia, confusion, nystagmus
what drug can given to manage tardive dyskinesia
tetrabenazine
what drug can be given to manage akathisia
propanolol
