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4th year revision > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

what is thrombotic crisis in sickle cell anaemia?

A

multiple infarcts in various organs which can be precipitated by infection, dehydration or low oxygen. It is a clinical diagnosis and management includes IV fluids, oxygen

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2
Q

what is sequestration crisis in sickle cell anaemia?

A

sickling within organs such as spleen and lungs which causes pooling of blood and worsening anaemia.

Slow bleed so have high retic count

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3
Q

What is acute chest syndrome in sickle cell anaemia?

A

infarcts within the lung parenchyma. Get PE type symptoms (dypsnoea, low O2) and also lung infiltrates are seen on x ray.

Manage with pain relief, O2, Ab if needed, tranfusion

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4
Q

What is aplastic crisis in sickle cell anaemia?

A

Bone marrow suppression caused by parovirus. Leads to low haemoglobin (and low retic count), low WCC, low platelets

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5
Q

What is haemolytic crisis in sickle cell anaemia?

A

Excessive haemolysis leading to anaemia. Rare

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6
Q

Auer rods

A

Acute myeloid leukaemia

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7
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

A

Chronic myeloid leukaemia

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8
Q

Most common leukaemia in children

A

Acute lymphocytic leukaemia

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9
Q

Which leukaemia is most associated with Reichters transformation

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia to non-hodgkins lymphoma

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10
Q

which leukaemia is most likely to present with insidious fatigue, mild anaemia and splenomegaly?

A

chronic myeloid leukaemia

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11
Q

blast cells

A

Acute leukaemias

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12
Q

band cells

A

chronic leukaemias

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13
Q

Which marker is associated with Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Reed Sternberg cells

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14
Q

how does non-hodgkins lymphoma typically present?

A

non tender symmetrical and widespread lymphadenopathy + B symptoms (night sweats, fever, weight loss)

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15
Q

how does Hodgkins lymphoma typically present?

A

non tender asymmetrical lymphadenopathy

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16
Q

what are risk factors for lymphomas?

A

viruses: EBV, HIV
smoking
immunosuppresion

17
Q

how long for and at what temperature can red cells be stored?

A

35 days at 4 degrees

18
Q

how long for and at what temperature can platelets be stored?

A

22 degrees for 7 days

19
Q

how long for and at what temperature can FFP be stored?

A

-30 degrees for 3 years

20
Q

which is the most common blood group?

A

O

21
Q

which is the least common blood group?

A

AB

22
Q

which blood group is the universal donar?

A

O

23
Q

Which blood group is the universal recipient?

A

AB

24
Q

What are the indications for red cell transfusion?

A
  • symptomatic anaemia with Hb less than 70

- major bleed

25
Q

What are the indications for platelet tranfusion?

A
  • bleed and platelet less than 30
  • thrombocytopenia
  • platelet less than 10
  • prophylaxis in transplant/chemo/bone marrow failure
26
Q

what are the indications for FFP transfusion?

A
  • bleeding patient with coagulopathy
  • clinically significant bleed + PT/APTT >1.5
  • prophylaxis prior to surgery or procedure in patient with coagulopathy
27
Q

who do you need to give CMV-ve blood to?

A

pregnant women and neonates

28
Q

which tranfusion product is most associated with bacterial contamination?

A

platelets

29
Q

why would you use irradiated blood products?

A

to avoid tranfusion related graft versus host disease

30
Q

tiredness, breathlessness, high bilirubin and reticulocytes, coombs test +ve

A

autoimmune haemolysis

31
Q

what are the indications for cryoprecipitate

A
  • clinically significant bleed + fibrinogen <1.5 such as DIC
32
Q

what are the indications for prothrombin complex

A
  • major bleed + on anticoagulant (used to reverse the anticoagulant effect)
33
Q

what is non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction and how is it managed?

A

get fever following transfusions with no other systemic signs

slow the transfusion + paracetamol + monitor

34
Q

what is minor allergic transfusion reaction and how is it managed?

A

histamine reaction to transfusion leading to itching and rash

temporarily stop the transfusion + antihistamine + monitor

35
Q

what is acute haemolytic transfusion reaction and how is it managed?

A

get ABO incompatibility. Fever, abdo pain, hypotension

stop transfusion. Check patients ID and name, re do coombs test and cross match

IV fluid resus

36
Q

what is transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO) reaction and how is it managed?

A

transfusion went too fast leading to fluid overload and subsequently pulmonary oedema and hypertension

stop/slow transfusion and consider IV loop diuretic and O2

37
Q

what is transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) and how is it managed?

A

non cardiogenic pulmonary oedema caused by molecules in blood

leads to hypoxia, pulmonary infiltrates on CXR, fever, hypotension

stop transfusion + O2 + supportive care

4th year revision (32 decks)

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