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Hematology > QUANTITATIVE RED CELL DISORDERS > Flashcards

QUANTITATIVE RED CELL DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

develops due to inadequate intake, increased need, impaired absorption, and chronic blood loss

A

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

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2
Q

develops slowly, progressing through stages that physiologically blend into one another.

A

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

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3
Q

Stage 1 IDA (Storage iron depletion)

Hemoglobin
Serum iron
TIBC
Ferritin

A

N
N
N
↓

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4
Q

Stage 2 IDA (Transport iron depletion)

Hemoglobin
Serum iron
TIBC
Ferritin

A

N
↓
↑
↓

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5
Q

Stage 3 IDA
( Functional iron depletion)

Hemoglobin
Serum iron
TIBC
Ferritin

A

↓
↓
↑
↓

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6
Q

IDA

A

Serum ferritin↓
Serum iron↓/N
TIBC↑
Transferrin saturation↓

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7
Q

Thalassemia major

A

Serum ferritin ↑/N
Serum iron ↑/N
TIBC N
Transferrin saturation ↑/N

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8
Q

ACI

A

Serum ferritin ↑/N
Serum iron ↓
TIBC ↓
Transferrin saturation ↓/N

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9
Q

Sideroblastic anemia

A

Serum ferritin ↑
Serum iron ↓/N
TIBC ↓/N
Transferrin saturation ↑

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10
Q

Lead poisoning

A

Serum ferritin N
Serum iron - Variable
TIBC N
Transferrin saturation ↑

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11
Q

inflammation is the unifying factor

A

ANEMIA OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

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12
Q

sideropenia in the face of an abundant iron stores is the central feature

A

ANEMIA OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

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13
Q

the impaired ferrokinetics is the more significant cause of the anemia

A

ANEMIA OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

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14
Q

Substances that contribute/explain the inconsistency of decreased serum iron despite the abundant iron stores:

A
  1. Hepcidin
  2. Lactoferrin
  3. Ferritin
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15
Q

a hormone produced by hepatocytes to regulate body iron levels

A

Hepcidin

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16
Q

an iron-binding protein in granules of neutrophils

A

Lactoferrin

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17
Q

are a diverse group of diseases that include hereditary and acquired conditions

A

Sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

the metal affects the central nervous system and the hematologic system

A

Lead Poisoning

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19
Q

interferes with porphyrin synthesis

A

Lead Poisoning

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20
Q

basophilic stippling is a classic finding

A

Lead Poisoning

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21
Q

represents punctate basophilia

A

Lead Poisoning

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22
Q

are diseases characterized by impaired production of the porphyrin component of heme

A

Porphyrias

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23
Q

is the most often used to refer to the hereditary conditions that impair production of protoporphyrin

A

Porphyrias

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24
Q

most common inherited porphyria

A

Acute intermittent hepatic porphyria

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25
Q

Deficient enzyme

Uroporphyrinogen I synthetase/ Porphobilinogen synthase

A

Acute intermittent hepatic porphyria

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26
Q

Deficient enzyme

Coproporphyrinogen II oxidase

A

Hereditary coproporphyria

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27
Q

Deficient enzyme

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase/ Porphobilinogen oxidase

A

Variegate porphyria

28
Q

Deficient enzyme

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

A

Cutaneous hepatic porphyria

29
Q

Deficient enzyme

Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase

A

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria

30
Q

Deficient enzyme

Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase and ferrochelatase

A

Acquired porphyria

31
Q

Increased delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobillinogen in urine

A

Acute intermittent hepatic porphyria

32
Q

Increased coproporphyrin III in urine and feces

A

Hereditary coproporphyria

33
Q

Increased porphobilinogen and delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine and protoporphyrinogen and coproporphyrin in feces

A

Variegate porphyria

34
Q

Increased uroporphyrin I in urine

A

Cutaneous hepatic porphyria

35
Q

Increased uroporphyrinogen I and coproporphyrinogen I in urine, feces, and bone marrow

A

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria

36
Q

excess accumulation of iron results from acquired or hereditary conditions in which the body’s rate of iron acquisition exceeds the rate of loss.

A

IRON OVERLOAD

37
Q

excess iron are stored in the form of ferritin and hemosiderin (non-metabolically active form of ferritin) within cells.

A

IRON OVERLOAD

38
Q

Acquired iron overload

A

Transfusion-related hemosiderosis

39
Q

accumulation of iron in the macrophages, with less parenchymal injury

A

Transfusion-related hemosiderosis

40
Q

Hereditary iron overload

A

Hereditary hemochromatosis

41
Q

mutations of HFE gene remain the most common

A

Hereditary hemochromatosis

42
Q

individuals usually harbor 20 to 30 g of iron by the time their disease usually becomes clinically evident

A

Hereditary hemochromatosis

43
Q

accumulation of iron in the parenchymal cells, with tissue injury

A

Hereditary hemochromatosis

44
Q

traditional characterization of Hereditary hemochromatosis

A

Bronzed diabetes

45
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of iron overload

A

Elevated transferrin saturation or serum ferritin
Abnormal results on common tests of liver function

46
Q

defective nuclear maturation due to impaired DNA synthesis due to Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

A

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

47
Q

the resulting DNA is nonfunctional, DNA replication process is incomplete, and cell division is halted

A

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

48
Q

Example of ineffective erythropoiesis

A

Megaloblastic anemia

49
Q

is an autoimmune disorder characterized by impaired absorption of vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor

A

Pernicious Anemia

50
Q

production of antibodies to intrinsic factor and gastric parietal cells

A

Pernicious Anemia

51
Q

autoantibodies are directed against the a- and b- subunit of the gastric H+/K+ -ATPase, a hydrogen transporting enzyme, responsible for the acidification of the stomach lumen

A

Pernicious Anemia

52
Q

caused by mutations in the genes for either cubilin or amnionless

A

Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome

53
Q

Systemic manifestations of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency:

A
  • general symptoms related to anemia
  • glossitis
  • gastritis, nausea, constipation
  • neurologic symptoms
54
Q

Specific diagnostic tests

Remains the reference confirmatory test to identify megaloblastic appearance of the developing RBCs

A

Bone marrow examination

55
Q

Specific diagnostic tests

Competitive binding chemiluminesence

A

Serum Vitamin B12

56
Q

Specific diagnostic tests

GC-MS

A

Methylmalonic acid

57
Q

Specific diagnostic tests

GC-MS, HPLC, FPIA

A

Homocysteine

58
Q

Specific diagnostic tests

Used to confirm achlorhydria

A

Gastric analysis

59
Q

Specific diagnostic tests

Chemiluminescent immunometric assay

A

Serum gastrin

60
Q

Specific diagnostic tests

Indirect fluorescent antibody techniques, ELISA

A

Parietal cell antibodies

61
Q

Specific diagnostic tests

Highly specific and confirmatory for pernicious anemia

A

Anti-IF antibodies

62
Q

Is the metabolically active form of vitamin B12

A

Holotranscobalamin assay

63
Q

Measures the ability of the marrow cells in vitro to utilize deoxyuridine for DNA synthesis

A

Deoxyuridine suppression test

64
Q

Used to diagnose pernicious anemia

A

Schillings test

65
Q

are macrocytic anemias in which DNA is unimpaired

A

Macrocytic nonmegaloblastic anemias

66
Q

lack hypersegmented neutrophils and oval macrocytes in the peripheral blood and megaloblasts in the bone marrow

A

Macrocytic nonmegaloblastic anemias

Hematology (28 decks)

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