Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

the structural units that constitute living organisms

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Separates the cytoplasm and cellular components from the extracellular environment

Answer 2

Plasma membrane

Question 3

Location: outer boundary of cell

Answer 3

Plasma membrane

Question 4

Appearance & size: Lipid bilayer consisting of phospholipids, choles- terol, proteins; glycolipids and glycoproteins form a glycocalyx

Answer 4

Plasma membrane

Question 5

Provides physical Warner for cells

Answer 5

Plasma membrane

Question 6

Facilitates and restricts interchange of substances with environment

Answer 6

Plasma membrane

Question 7

Maintains electrochemical gradient and has receptors for signal transduction

Answer 7

Plasma membrane

Question 8

Location: within cen

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

Appearance and size: Round or oval; varies in diameter; composed of DNA and proteins; surrounded by inner and outer membranes

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

Controls cell division and functions and contains genetic code

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

Location: within nucleus

Answer 11

Nucleolus

Question 12

Appearance & size: Usually round or irregular in shape; composed of ribosomal RNA and the genes coding it, and accessory proteins; may have one to several within the nucleus

Answer 12

Nucleolus

Question 13

Synthesizes ribosomal RNA and assem- bles ribosome subunits

Answer 13

Nucleolus

Question 14

Location: Free in cytoplasm and on outer surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

Ribosomes

Question 15

Appearance and size; Macromolecular complex composed of protein and ribosomal RNA; composed of large and small subunits

Answer 15

Ribosomes

Question 16

Synthesizes proteins

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

Location: Membranous network throughout cytoplasm

Answer 17

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Appearance & size: Branching, membrane-lined tubules and sacs; studded with ribosomes on outer surface; membrane continuous with the nuclear membrane

Answer 18

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Synthesizes membrane-bound and secreted proteins

Answer 19

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Appearance & size: Membrane-lined tubules lacking ribosomes; continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 20

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

Synthesizes phospholipids and steroids; detoxifies drugs; stores calcium

Answer 21

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

Location: Next to nucleus and rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

Golgi apparatus

Question 23

Appearance & size: System of stacked, membrane-bound, flattened sacs

Answer 23

Golgi apparatus

Question 24

Modifies and packages macromolecules for other organelles and for secretion

Answer 24

Golgi apparatus

Question 25

Location: Randomly distributed in cytoplasm

Answer 25

Mitochondria and lysosomes

Question 26

Appearance & size: Elliptical or oval structures surrounded by inner and outer membranes; inner membrane has infoldings called cristae

Answer 26

Mitochondria

Question 27

Produces most of the ATP for the cell by aerobic respiration/oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 27

Mitochondria

Question 28

Appearance & size; Membrane-bound sacs; diameter varies

Answer 28

Lysosomes

Question 29

Contains hydrolytic enzymes that de- grade unwanted material in the cell

Answer 29

Lysosomes

Question 30

Location: Near nuclear envelope, plasma membrane, and mitotic processes

Answer 30

Microfilaments

Question 31

Appearance and size: Double-stranded, intertwined solid structures of actin; 5–7 nm in diameter

Answer 31

Microfilaments

Question 32

Supports cytoskeleton and motility

Answer 32

Microfilaments

Question 33

Location: cytoskeleton

Answer 33

Intermediate filaments

Question 34

Appearance & size: Solid structures 8–10 nm in diameter; self- assemble into larger bundles

Answer 34

Intermediate filaments

Question 35

Provides strong structural support

Answer 35

Intermediate filaments

Question 36

Location: Cytoskeleton and centrioles near nucleus

Answer 36

Microtabules

Question 37

Appearance & size: Hollow cylinder 25 nm in diameter; consists of 13 protofilaments formed from a- and b-tubulin

Answer 37

Microtubules

Question 38

Maintains cell shape; involved in cell and organelle motility and the mitotic process

Answer 38

Microtubules

Question 39

Nucleus Location: near

Answer 39

Centrosome

Question 40

Appearance and size: Composed of two cylinder-shaped centrioles, each with nine sets of triplet microtubules; centrioles oriented at right angles to each other

Answer 40

Centrosome

Question 41

Contains centrioles that serve as inser- tion points for mitotic spindle fibers

Answer 41

Centrosome