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Hematology > Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

the structural units that constitute living organisms

A

Cells

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2
Q

Separates the cytoplasm and cellular components from the extracellular environment

A

Plasma membrane

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3
Q

Location: outer boundary of cell

A

Plasma membrane

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4
Q

Appearance & size: Lipid bilayer consisting of phospholipids, choles- terol, proteins; glycolipids and glycoproteins form a glycocalyx

A

Plasma membrane

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5
Q

Provides physical Warner for cells

A

Plasma membrane

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6
Q

Facilitates and restricts interchange of substances with environment

A

Plasma membrane

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7
Q

Maintains electrochemical gradient and has receptors for signal transduction

A

Plasma membrane

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8
Q

Location: within cen

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

Appearance and size: Round or oval; varies in diameter; composed of DNA and proteins; surrounded by inner and outer membranes

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Controls cell division and functions and contains genetic code

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

Location: within nucleus

A

Nucleolus

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12
Q

Appearance & size: Usually round or irregular in shape; composed of ribosomal RNA and the genes coding it, and accessory proteins; may have one to several within the nucleus

A

Nucleolus

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13
Q

Synthesizes ribosomal RNA and assem- bles ribosome subunits

A

Nucleolus

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14
Q

Location: Free in cytoplasm and on outer surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes

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15
Q

Appearance and size; Macromolecular complex composed of protein and ribosomal RNA; composed of large and small subunits

A

Ribosomes

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16
Q

Synthesizes proteins

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

Location: Membranous network throughout cytoplasm

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

18
Q

Appearance & size: Branching, membrane-lined tubules and sacs; studded with ribosomes on outer surface; membrane continuous with the nuclear membrane

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

19
Q

Synthesizes membrane-bound and secreted proteins

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

20
Q

Appearance & size: Membrane-lined tubules lacking ribosomes; continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

21
Q

Synthesizes phospholipids and steroids; detoxifies drugs; stores calcium

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

22
Q

Location: Next to nucleus and rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Golgi apparatus

23
Q

Appearance & size: System of stacked, membrane-bound, flattened sacs

A

Golgi apparatus

24
Q

Modifies and packages macromolecules for other organelles and for secretion

A

Golgi apparatus

25
Q

Location: Randomly distributed in cytoplasm

A

Mitochondria and lysosomes

26
Q

Appearance & size: Elliptical or oval structures surrounded by inner and outer membranes; inner membrane has infoldings called cristae

A

Mitochondria

27
Q

Produces most of the ATP for the cell by aerobic respiration/oxidative phosphorylation

A

Mitochondria

28
Q

Appearance & size; Membrane-bound sacs; diameter varies

A

Lysosomes

29
Q

Contains hydrolytic enzymes that de- grade unwanted material in the cell

A

Lysosomes

30
Q

Location: Near nuclear envelope, plasma membrane, and mitotic processes

A

Microfilaments

31
Q

Appearance and size: Double-stranded, intertwined solid structures of actin; 5–7 nm in diameter

A

Microfilaments

32
Q

Supports cytoskeleton and motility

A

Microfilaments

33
Q

Location: cytoskeleton

A

Intermediate filaments

34
Q

Appearance & size: Solid structures 8–10 nm in diameter; self- assemble into larger bundles

A

Intermediate filaments

35
Q

Provides strong structural support

A

Intermediate filaments

36
Q

Location: Cytoskeleton and centrioles near nucleus

A

Microtabules

37
Q

Appearance & size: Hollow cylinder 25 nm in diameter; consists of 13 protofilaments formed from a- and b-tubulin

A

Microtubules

38
Q

Maintains cell shape; involved in cell and organelle motility and the mitotic process

A

Microtubules

39
Q

Nucleus Location: near

A

Centrosome

40
Q

Appearance and size: Composed of two cylinder-shaped centrioles, each with nine sets of triplet microtubules; centrioles oriented at right angles to each other

A

Centrosome

41
Q

Contains centrioles that serve as inser- tion points for mitotic spindle fibers

A

Centrosome

Hematology (28 decks)

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