Myelogenous leukemias Flashcards by Gay Amor Tipolo Gacang | Brainscape

Q

• Myeloperoxidase : positive (+)
• Sudan Black B : positive (+)

A

Myelogenous leukemias

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Q

There is a breach in the differentiation in the myeloid
stem cell line

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemias (AML)

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Q

⬆️ immature cell

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemias (AML)

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Q

Predominating cells (PBF) of Acute Myelogenous Leukemias (AML)

A

myeloblast, promyelocyte

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Q

Presence of Auer rods

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemias (AML)

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Q

Most common type of leukemia in adults

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemias (AML)

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

AML, minimally differentiated

A

M0

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

AML, without maturation

A

M1

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

AML with maturation

A

M2

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)

A

M3

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

Acute Myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML)

A

M4

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AMoL)

A

M5

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

Acute erythroleukemia

A

M6

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia

A

M7

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

MPO (-), SBB (-), Auer Rods (-)

A

M0

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• may demonstrate Auer rods
• Nuclear: Cytoplasmic Maturational Asynchrony

A

M1

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• granulocytic cells beyond promyelocytic stage
• Gingival bleeding
• Most common subtype of AML
• May demonstrate auer rods

A

M2

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• Associated with DIC
• Faggot cells (+)
• variants: M3V, M3m

A

M3

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• Naegeli monocytic leukemia
• 2nd most common subtype
• May demonstrate auer rods
• Variant: M4eo

A

M4

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• Schilling leukemia
• Variant: M5a, M5b

A

M5

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• DiGuglielmo’s Syndrome
• PAS (+)

A

M6

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Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• Factor VIII stain (+)

A

M7

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Q

Blasts having CD13, CD33, CD34 and CD117

A

M0 (AML, Minimally Differentiated)

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Q

No Evidence of Cellular Maturation of Blasts

A

M0 (AML, Minimally Differentiated)

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Q

Auer Rods (-), Myeloperoxidase (-), Sudan Black B (-)

A

M0 (AML, Minimally Differentiated)

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Q

Less than 5% of All AML

A

M0 (AML, Minimally Differentiated)

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Q

Patients are usually infants or older adults

A

M0 (AML, Minimally Differentiated)

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Q

90% of Cells in BM are BLASTS

A

M1 (AML, Without Maturation)

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Q

● Found in All Age Groups with Highest Incidence in Adults
● Has No Male or Female Predominance

A

M1 (AML, Without Maturation)

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Q

Nuclear: Cytoplasmic Maturational Asynchrony

A

M1 (AML, Without Maturation)

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Q

Auer Rods (+), Myeloperoxidase (+), Sudan Black B (+)

A

M1 (AML, Without Maturation)

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Q

Chloroacetate Esterase (+), Acetate Esterase (-)

A

M1 (AML, Without Maturation)

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Q

Greater than 20% Type I and II Blasts in Bone Marrow
○ At least 10% Granulocyte @ Various Stages of Maturation

A

M2 (AML, With Maturation)

Q

Distinguished from M1 by Presence of Granulocytic Cells At or Beyond
the Promyelocytic Stage of Maturation

A

M2 (AML, With Maturation)

Q

Characteristic GINGIVAL BLEEDING

A

M2 (AML, With Maturation)

Q

Pseudo-Pelger-Huet (+) - Rod-Shaped or Dumbbell-Shaped or Nonsegmented Nuclei

A

M2 (AML, With Maturation)

Q

Hypogranular Neutrophils (+) - Leads to Deficient Phagocytosis, Deficient Microbial Killing and Deficient Chemotaxis

A

M2 (AML, With Maturation)

Q

Auer Rods (+), MPO (+) and SBB (+)

A

M2 (AML, With Maturation)

Q

Aspects of Dysplasia are present

A

M2 (AML, With Maturation)

Q

AKA Hypergranular Promyelocytic Leukemia

A

M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)

Q

Found in all age groups similar to M1 and M2

A

M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)

Q

Greater Predilection for Males

A

M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)

Q

Frequently more associated with DIC

A

M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)

Q

Abnormal Promyelocytes with Heavy Granulation

A

M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)

Q

Presents with Leukopenia

A

M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)

Q

● Auer Rods (+) and Intensely Positive for MPO and SBB
● Faggot Cells (+)
● Reniform or Bilobed Nuclei

A

M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)

Q

numerous granules present but can only be detected by electron microscopy hence the term “MICROGRANULAR”

A

M3m (Microgranular Promyelocytic Leukemia)

Q

Has Worse Prognosis than M3 due to Initial High Blast Counts

A

M3m (Microgranular Promyelocytic Leukemia)

Q

Caused by a Chromosomal Translocation t(15;17)

A

M3m (Microgranular Promyelocytic Leukemia)

Q

AKA Naegeli Monocytic Leukemia

A

M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia)

Q

M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia)

Positive for Myeloid Antigens

A

CD13 and CD33

Q

M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia)

Positive for Monocytic Antigens

A

CD4, 11b, 11c, 14, 36, 64

Q

Auer Rods (+), MPO (+), SBB (+), Specific and Non-Specific Esterases (+)

A

M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia)

Q

What happened to the lysozyme in M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia)

A

Lysozyme - Muramidase > Contained in Larger Amounts in Monocytes >
Excreted in Large Amounts in Urine when there is M4 Leukemia

Q

Diagnostically Important for M4 Leukemia

A

Serum or Urine Lysozyme

Q

Caused by a Problem in Chromosome 16

A

M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia)

Q

Increased Marrow Eosinophils

A

M4eo (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia w/ Eosinophilia)

Q

Cells exhibit Large Basophilic Granules mixed with Smaller Eosinophilic Granules

A

M4eo (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia w/ Eosinophilia)

Q

Uniquely exhibits Distinct Chloroacetate Esterase and PAS (+) which differentiates it from normal eosinophils

A

M4eo (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia w/ Eosinophilia)

Q

AKA Schilling Leukemia

A

M5 (Acute Monocytic Leukemia)

Q

Presents w/ Highest Incidence of Organomegaly and Organ Involvement of all AMLs

A

M5 (Acute Monocytic Leukemia)

Q

Greater than 80% of Marrow Cells are Monoblasts, Promonocytes or Monocytes

A

M5 (Acute Monocytic Leukemia)

Q

Auer Rods (+), MPO (-), SBB (-), Specific Esterase (-)

A

M5 (Acute Monocytic Leukemia)

Q

Associated with problems in Chromosome 11, t(9;11)

A

M5 (Acute Monocytic Leukemia)

Q

Poorly differentiated M5

A

M5a

Q

Well differentiated M5

A

M5b

Q

Characterized by Large Blast Cells with Delicate, Lacy Chromatin in both blood and bone marrow

A

M5a (Acute Monocytic Leukemia, Poorly Differentiated)

Q

More than 80% of Monocytic Compartment
Predominance are Blasts

A

M5a (Acute Monocytic Leukemia, Poorly Differentiated)

Q

Characterized by Presence of ALL STAGES OF MONOCYTE DEVELOPMENT (Monoblasts, Promonocytes and Monocytes)

A

M5b (Acute Monocytic Leukemia, Well Differentiated)

Q

Predominant Cell in BM in M5b

A

Promonocyte

Q

Associated with DIFFUSE ERYTHEMATOUS SKIN RASH

A

M5b (Acute Monocytic Leukemia, Well Differentiated)

Q

DiGuglielmo’s syndrome

A

M6 (Acute Erythroleukemia)

Q

Variable WBC Count and Pancytopenia occurs

A

M6 (Acute Erythroleukemia)

Q

M6 Erythroblasts =

A

Alpha-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase (+)

Q

Presence of Numerous Nucleated RBCs

A

M6 (Acute Erythroleukemia)

Q

Defect in Chromosome 5 and 7

A

M6 (Acute Erythroleukemia)

Q

Distinct feature of M7

A

Myelosclerosis

Q

Previously Classified as Undifferentiated Leukemia since MPO (-), SBB (-) and Esterase (-)

A

M7 (Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia)

Q

Defect in Chromosome 21

A

M7 (Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia)

Q

Treatment for AML

A

● Chemotherapy
● Radiation Therapy
● Immunotherapy