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Hematology > Myelogenous leukemias > Flashcards

Myelogenous leukemias Flashcards

1
Q

• Myeloperoxidase : positive (+)
• Sudan Black B : positive (+)

A

Myelogenous leukemias

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2
Q

There is a breach in the differentiation in the myeloid
stem cell line

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemias (AML)

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3
Q

⬆️ immature cell

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemias (AML)

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4
Q

Predominating cells (PBF) of Acute Myelogenous Leukemias (AML)

A

myeloblast, promyelocyte

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5
Q

Presence of Auer rods

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemias (AML)

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6
Q

Most common type of leukemia in adults

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemias (AML)

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7
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

AML, minimally differentiated

A

M0

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8
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

AML, without maturation

A

M1

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9
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

AML with maturation

A

M2

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10
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)

A

M3

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11
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

Acute Myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML)

A

M4

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12
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AMoL)

A

M5

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13
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

Acute erythroleukemia

A

M6

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14
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia

A

M7

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15
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

MPO (-), SBB (-), Auer Rods (-)

A

M0

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16
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• may demonstrate Auer rods
• Nuclear: Cytoplasmic Maturational Asynchrony

A

M1

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17
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• granulocytic cells beyond promyelocytic stage
• Gingival bleeding
• Most common subtype of AML
• May demonstrate auer rods

A

M2

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18
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• Associated with DIC
• Faggot cells (+)
• variants: M3V, M3m

A

M3

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19
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• Naegeli monocytic leukemia
• 2nd most common subtype
• May demonstrate auer rods
• Variant: M4eo

A

M4

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20
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• Schilling leukemia
• Variant: M5a, M5b

A

M5

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21
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• DiGuglielmo’s Syndrome
• PAS (+)

A

M6

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22
Q

French-American-British (FAB) classification:

• Factor VIII stain (+)

A

M7

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23
Q

Blasts having CD13, CD33, CD34 and CD117

A

M0 (AML, Minimally Differentiated)

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24
Q

No Evidence of Cellular Maturation of Blasts

A

M0 (AML, Minimally Differentiated)

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25
Auer Rods (-), Myeloperoxidase (-), Sudan Black B (-)
M0 (AML, Minimally Differentiated)
26
Less than 5% of All AML
M0 (AML, Minimally Differentiated)
27
Patients are usually infants or older adults
M0 (AML, Minimally Differentiated)
28
90% of Cells in BM are BLASTS
M1 (AML, Without Maturation)
29
● Found in All Age Groups with Highest Incidence in Adults ● Has No Male or Female Predominance
M1 (AML, Without Maturation)
30
Nuclear: Cytoplasmic Maturational Asynchrony
M1 (AML, Without Maturation)
31
Auer Rods (+), Myeloperoxidase (+), Sudan Black B (+)
M1 (AML, Without Maturation)
32
Chloroacetate Esterase (+), Acetate Esterase (-)
M1 (AML, Without Maturation)
33
Greater than 20% Type I and II Blasts in Bone Marrow ○ At least 10% Granulocyte @ Various Stages of Maturation
M2 (AML, With Maturation)
34
Distinguished from M1 by Presence of Granulocytic Cells At or Beyond the Promyelocytic Stage of Maturation
M2 (AML, With Maturation)
35
Characteristic GINGIVAL BLEEDING
M2 (AML, With Maturation)
36
Pseudo-Pelger-Huet (+) - Rod-Shaped or Dumbbell-Shaped or Nonsegmented Nuclei
M2 (AML, With Maturation)
37
Hypogranular Neutrophils (+) - Leads to Deficient Phagocytosis, Deficient Microbial Killing and Deficient Chemotaxis
M2 (AML, With Maturation)
38
Auer Rods (+), MPO (+) and SBB (+)
M2 (AML, With Maturation)
39
Aspects of Dysplasia are present
M2 (AML, With Maturation)
40
AKA Hypergranular Promyelocytic Leukemia
M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)
41
Found in all age groups similar to M1 and M2
M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)
42
Greater Predilection for Males
M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)
43
Frequently more associated with DIC
M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)
44
Abnormal Promyelocytes with Heavy Granulation
M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)
45
Presents with Leukopenia
M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)
46
● Auer Rods (+) and Intensely Positive for MPO and SBB ● Faggot Cells (+) ● Reniform or Bilobed Nuclei
M3 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia)
47
numerous granules present but can only be detected by electron microscopy hence the term “MICROGRANULAR”
M3m (Microgranular Promyelocytic Leukemia)
48
Has Worse Prognosis than M3 due to Initial High Blast Counts
M3m (Microgranular Promyelocytic Leukemia)
49
Caused by a Chromosomal Translocation t(15;17)
M3m (Microgranular Promyelocytic Leukemia)
50
AKA Naegeli Monocytic Leukemia
M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia)
51
M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia) Positive for Myeloid Antigens
CD13 and CD33
52
M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia) Positive for Monocytic Antigens
CD4, 11b, 11c, 14, 36, 64
53
Auer Rods (+), MPO (+), SBB (+), Specific and Non-Specific Esterases (+)
M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia)
54
What happened to the lysozyme in M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia)
Lysozyme - Muramidase > Contained in Larger Amounts in Monocytes > Excreted in Large Amounts in Urine when there is M4 Leukemia
55
Diagnostically Important for M4 Leukemia
Serum or Urine Lysozyme
56
Caused by a Problem in Chromosome 16
M4 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia)
57
Increased Marrow Eosinophils
M4eo (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia w/ Eosinophilia)
58
Cells exhibit Large Basophilic Granules mixed with Smaller Eosinophilic Granules
M4eo (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia w/ Eosinophilia)
59
Uniquely exhibits Distinct Chloroacetate Esterase and PAS (+) which differentiates it from normal eosinophils
M4eo (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia w/ Eosinophilia)
60
AKA Schilling Leukemia
M5 (Acute Monocytic Leukemia)
61
Presents w/ Highest Incidence of Organomegaly and Organ Involvement of all AMLs
M5 (Acute Monocytic Leukemia)
62
Greater than 80% of Marrow Cells are Monoblasts, Promonocytes or Monocytes
M5 (Acute Monocytic Leukemia)
63
Auer Rods (+), MPO (-), SBB (-), Specific Esterase (-)
M5 (Acute Monocytic Leukemia)
64
Associated with problems in Chromosome 11, t(9;11)
M5 (Acute Monocytic Leukemia)
65
Poorly differentiated M5
M5a
66
Well differentiated M5
M5b
67
Characterized by Large Blast Cells with Delicate, Lacy Chromatin in both blood and bone marrow
M5a (Acute Monocytic Leukemia, Poorly Differentiated)
68
More than 80% of Monocytic Compartment Predominance are Blasts
M5a (Acute Monocytic Leukemia, Poorly Differentiated)
69
Characterized by Presence of ALL STAGES OF MONOCYTE DEVELOPMENT (Monoblasts, Promonocytes and Monocytes)
M5b (Acute Monocytic Leukemia, Well Differentiated)
70
Predominant Cell in BM in M5b
Promonocyte
71
Associated with DIFFUSE ERYTHEMATOUS SKIN RASH
M5b (Acute Monocytic Leukemia, Well Differentiated)
72
DiGuglielmo’s syndrome
M6 (Acute Erythroleukemia)
73
Variable WBC Count and Pancytopenia occurs
M6 (Acute Erythroleukemia)
74
M6 Erythroblasts =
Alpha-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase (+)
75
Presence of Numerous Nucleated RBCs
M6 (Acute Erythroleukemia)
76
Defect in Chromosome 5 and 7
M6 (Acute Erythroleukemia)
77
Distinct feature of M7
Myelosclerosis
78
Previously Classified as Undifferentiated Leukemia since MPO (-), SBB (-) and Esterase (-)
M7 (Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia)
79
Defect in Chromosome 21
M7 (Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia)
80
Treatment for AML
● Chemotherapy ● Radiation Therapy ● Immunotherapy

Hematology (28 decks)

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