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Hematology > Erythrocyte Disorders > Flashcards

Erythrocyte Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia caused by sudden loss of blood volume:

A
  1. Increase in heart rate, respiratory rate, and cardiac output
  2. Redistribution of blood flow from skin and viscera to heart, brain, and muscle
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2
Q

Anemia caused by slow loss of blood:

A
  1. Decrease in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity by increasing the production of 2,3-biphosphoglycerate
  2. Increase in EPO production by kidneys
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3
Q

refers to the production of erythroid precursor cells that are defective

A

Ineffective erythropoiesis

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4
Q

these defective precursors often undergo apoptosis

A

Ineffective erythropoiesis

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5
Q

Conditions under Ineffective erythropoiesis

A

megaloblastic anemia,
thalassemia,
sideroblastic anemia

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6
Q

refers to the decrease in the number of erythroid precursor in the bone marrow

A

Insufficient erythropoiesis

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7
Q

Conditions under Insufficient erythropoiesis

A

iron deficiency anemia, renal disease, aplastic anemia, acquired pure red cell aplasia, infection

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8
Q

most important among the RBC indices

A

MCV

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9
Q

a measure of the average RBC volume in fL

A

MCV

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10
Q

key in the morphologic classification of anemia

A

MCV

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11
Q

index of variation of cell volume in a red blood cell population

A

RDW

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12
Q

the coefficient of variation of RBC volume expressed in percentage

A

RDW

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13
Q

an important tool to assess the bone marrow’s ability to increase RBC production in response to anemia

A

Reticulocyte count

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14
Q

determines whether an anemia is due to an RBC production defect or to a shortened survival defect

A

Reticulocyte count

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15
Q

serves as a quality control to verify the results produced by automated analyzers

A

Peripheral blood film

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16
Q

may help in establishing the cause of anemia

A

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

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17
Q

valuable if an inappropriately low reticulocyte count and a microcytic anemia are present

A

Iron studies

18
Q

helpful in investigating a macrocytic anemia with a low reticulocyte count

A

Serum vitamin B12 and serum folate assays

19
Q

can differentiate autoimmune hemolytic anemias from hemolytic anemias due to other causes

20
Q

Central pallor is 1/3 of the red cell diameter

A

Normochromia

21
Q

Central pallor is >1/3 of the red cell diameter

A

Hypochromia 1+

22
Q

Central pallor is >2/3 of the red cell diameter

A

Hypochromia 2+

23
Q

Central pallor is 3 quarter of the red cell volume

A

Hypochromia 3+

24
Q

Thin rim of hemoglobin is left

A

Hypochromia 4+

25
Decreased or absent central pallor
Hyperchromia
26
variation in red cell size
Anisocytosis
27
characterized by an MCV of less than 80 fL with small RBCs (less than 6μm)
Microcytic anemia
28
are caused by conditions that result in reduced hemoglobin synthesis
Microcytic anemia
29
Big five conditions of Microcytic anemia
Thalassemia Anemia of Chronic Inflammation IDA Lead poisoning Sideroblastic anemia
30
Conditions under Defective heme synthesis
IDA, chronic inflammatory states, sideroblastic anemia, lead poisoning
31
Conditions under Defective globin synthesis
Thalassemia, Hb E disease
32
characterized by an MCV in the range of 80-100 fL
Normocytic anemia
33
develop due to premature destruction and shortened survival of RBCs
Normocytic anemia
34
Conditions under Intrinsic causes
Membrane defects, hemoglobinopathies, enzyme deficiencies
35
Conditions under Extrinsic causes
Immune and nonimmune RBC injury
36
characterized by an MCV greater than 100 fL with large RBCs (greater than 8 μm)
Macrocytic anemia
37
arise from conditions that result in megaloblastic and nonmegaloblastic red cell development
Macrocytic anemia
38
are caused by conditions that impair synthesis of DNA
Megaloblastic anemia
39
are related to membrane changes owing to disruption of the cholesterol-phospholipid ratio
Nonmegaloblastic anemia
40
characterized by a progressive loss of storage iron
Stage 1 of iron deficiency

Hematology (28 decks)

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