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Hematology > Erythrocyte Disorders > Flashcards

Erythrocyte Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia caused by sudden loss of blood volume:

A
  1. Increase in heart rate, respiratory rate, and cardiac output
  2. Redistribution of blood flow from skin and viscera to heart, brain, and muscle
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2
Q

Anemia caused by slow loss of blood:

A
  1. Decrease in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity by increasing the production of 2,3-biphosphoglycerate
  2. Increase in EPO production by kidneys
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3
Q

refers to the production of erythroid precursor cells that are defective

A

Ineffective erythropoiesis

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4
Q

these defective precursors often undergo apoptosis

A

Ineffective erythropoiesis

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5
Q

Conditions under Ineffective erythropoiesis

A

megaloblastic anemia,
thalassemia,
sideroblastic anemia

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6
Q

refers to the decrease in the number of erythroid precursor in the bone marrow

A

Insufficient erythropoiesis

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7
Q

Conditions under Insufficient erythropoiesis

A

iron deficiency anemia, renal disease, aplastic anemia, acquired pure red cell aplasia, infection

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8
Q

most important among the RBC indices

A

MCV

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9
Q

a measure of the average RBC volume in fL

A

MCV

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10
Q

key in the morphologic classification of anemia

A

MCV

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11
Q

index of variation of cell volume in a red blood cell population

A

RDW

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12
Q

the coefficient of variation of RBC volume expressed in percentage

A

RDW

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13
Q

an important tool to assess the bone marrow’s ability to increase RBC production in response to anemia

A

Reticulocyte count

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14
Q

determines whether an anemia is due to an RBC production defect or to a shortened survival defect

A

Reticulocyte count

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15
Q

serves as a quality control to verify the results produced by automated analyzers

A

Peripheral blood film

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16
Q

may help in establishing the cause of anemia

A

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

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17
Q

valuable if an inappropriately low reticulocyte count and a microcytic anemia are present

A

Iron studies

18
Q

helpful in investigating a macrocytic anemia with a low reticulocyte count

A

Serum vitamin B12 and serum folate assays

19
Q

can differentiate autoimmune hemolytic anemias from hemolytic anemias due to other causes

A

DAT

20
Q

Central pallor is 1/3 of the red cell diameter

A

Normochromia

21
Q

Central pallor is >1/3 of the red cell diameter

A

Hypochromia 1+

22
Q

Central pallor is >2/3 of the red cell diameter

A

Hypochromia 2+

23
Q

Central pallor is 3 quarter of the red cell volume

A

Hypochromia 3+

24
Q

Thin rim of hemoglobin is left

A

Hypochromia 4+

25
Q

Decreased or absent central pallor

A

Hyperchromia

26
Q

variation in red cell size

A

Anisocytosis

27
Q

characterized by an MCV of less than 80 fL with small RBCs (less than 6μm)

A

Microcytic anemia

28
Q

are caused by conditions that result in reduced hemoglobin synthesis

A

Microcytic anemia

29
Q

Big five conditions of Microcytic anemia

A

Thalassemia
Anemia of Chronic Inflammation
IDA
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia

30
Q

Conditions under Defective heme synthesis

A

IDA,
chronic inflammatory states,
sideroblastic anemia,
lead poisoning

31
Q

Conditions under Defective globin synthesis

A

Thalassemia,
Hb E disease

32
Q

characterized by an MCV in the range of 80-100 fL

A

Normocytic anemia

33
Q

develop due to premature destruction and shortened survival of RBCs

A

Normocytic anemia

34
Q

Conditions under Intrinsic causes

A

Membrane defects,
hemoglobinopathies,
enzyme deficiencies

35
Q

Conditions under Extrinsic causes

A

Immune and nonimmune RBC injury

36
Q

characterized by an MCV greater than 100 fL with large RBCs (greater than 8 μm)

A

Macrocytic anemia

37
Q

arise from conditions that result in megaloblastic and nonmegaloblastic red cell development

A

Macrocytic anemia

38
Q

are caused by conditions that impair synthesis of DNA

A

Megaloblastic anemia

39
Q

are related to membrane changes owing to disruption of the cholesterol-phospholipid ratio

A

Nonmegaloblastic anemia

40
Q

characterized by a progressive loss of storage iron

A

Stage 1 of iron deficiency

Hematology (28 decks)

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