Pulmonary Drug Delivery III

Question 1

Non-pressurised MDI

Answer 1

• Aerosol cloud released for 1.5s
• Drug solution forced through small narrow channels creates mist
• Smaller and has lower velocity

Question 2

Pulmonary delivery for systemic effect

Answer 2

• Large surface area for absorption
• High permeable membrane and low mucocillary clearance
  -Low enzyme environment

Question 3

Insulin as a dry powder formulation

Answer 3

• Significant challenges stable at room temp using large device
• insulin deagglomeration in chamber prior to inhaling
• Refer as a breath assisted DPI

Question 4

Afrezza inhaled insulin device

Answer 4

• Overcome cough issues in patients
• Smaller size acceptable
• Low sales so stopped

Question 5

Electronic cigarettes

Answer 5

• Sensor microprocessor
  -Atomiser and heating element
• Aerosols contain fewer numbers
  (and lower levels) of toxicants
  than cigarettes
• Use indoors increase nicotine

Question 6

Medical gas

Answer 6

• Delivery in cylinders used in domiciliary care
• Oxygen gas is under pressure in cylinder flow control with regular tap
• Safety issue

Question 7

Mesh Nebulizers

Answer 7

• Aerosol being generated y vibrating mesh
• 7000 holes eched with a lazer
• Vibrational energy due to a piezoelectric crystal which transfers energy to the mesh via a transducer
• Aerosol release with the patient’s breathing reducing drug waste

Question 8

AER-501

Answer 8

• Liquid form of human insulin inhaled in small smart inhalation device
• Liquid insulin formulation is
  added dropwise vibration detection

Question 9

Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation

Answer 9

• O2 enriched air
  delivered via mask and nasal cannula

Question 10

Ventilator

Answer 10

• Machine that helps with
  breathing air or O2 enriched air delivered via a breathing tube

Question 11

Scintigraphy

Answer 11

• Radiation emitting substances are administered to a patient and the subsequent emissions are capture by a gamma camera and an image produced
• Diagonostic tool to evealuate respiration

Question 12

Diagnostics of Scintigraphy

Answer 12

• Patient inhales nebulised radionucleotide-containing solution

Question 13

Formulation of Scintigraphy

Answer 13

• Drug-carrier aggregates and it is radiolablled is loaded to device
• Participants would inhale from the
  device and deposition of drug would be imaged