Drugs for Resp Sys II

Question 1

Tropane Alkaloids

Answer 1

• Hydrphobic ability pass through blood brain barrier

Question 2

Short acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA)

Ipratropium bromide

Answer 2

• Acts as a bronchodialator
• Onset 30 mins
• Quaternary nitrogen compound
• Doesnt discriminate between muscarinic receptor subtypes

Question 3

Competitive antagonism

Answer 3

• The effect of antangonist depending on the relative concentration of agonist and antagoinist

Question 4

Non-competitive antagonism

Answer 4

• Effect of antagonist independant of concentration of the agonist and antagonist since it acts at a diffrent site

Question 5

Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists

Answer 5

• A few common drugs
• Bronchodilator (blocks
  bronchoconstriction)
• Onset varies
• Also quaternary nitrogen compounds
• Greater selectivity for M₃ receptor

Question 6

Corticosteroids

Answer 6

• Beclometasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone, mometasone, prednisolone
• Anti-inflammatory effects

Question 7

Mucolytic agent

Answer 7

• Highly cross linked requires mucolytic agent
• Cystine converts into NAC
• Breaks down the sulpher bonds in mucus decreasing viscosity

Question 8

Defining Chirality

Answer 8

• Centre of chirality
• Atom bonded to four different groups

Question 9

Discerning Chiral Tetrahedral
Molecules

Answer 9

• Assign priority based on and rotation can be R (right clockwise) and S (anti-clockwise)
• < H < C < N < O < F < Cl < Br < I
• lowest Dashed line

Question 10

Physical properties of entimers

Answer 10

• Same properties for same enantimers except how groups are bonded to chiral centre

Question 11

Application of polarimetry

Answer 11

• A pure sample of one enantiomer, a racemic mixture, and a mixture of enantiomers in unequal amounts will all have different observed specific rotation

Question 12

Can nitrogen and phospherous be concidered as chrial centres?

Answer 12

• Yes the lone pair of electron act as a bonding another bonding out of the 4 diffrent bonds formed in a chiral

Question 13

Application of Polarimetry

Answer 13

• Enantiometic excess (ee) = Observed rotation/% of pure enantiomer
• % of racemic mix = 100 - %ee
• (ee + (1/2 * % racemic mix) = % of enantimer with rotation given

Question 14

Louis Pasteur

Answer 14

• First to separate a pair of enantiomers
• Non identical sodium ammonium tartrate
• Seperate via tweezers RH crystal polrised light clockwise and LH crystals polarised light anti clockwise

Question 15

Separating Enantiomers via
Chromatography

Answer 15

• Dissolve mixture in a solvent
• Pass solution through a packed
  column
• Use chiral material to absorb
  compound
• Two enantiomers have different
  affinities for chiral material
• One enantiomer emerges before
  the other
• Separating Enantiomers via
  Chromatography