Cardiac Arrhythmias

Question 1

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Answer 1

• Heart beats too fast too slowor irregular

Question 2

Causes of Arrhythmias

Answer 2

• Sinus node becomes diseased or slows down
• Normal conduction pathway is interrupted another part of heart takes over as pacemaker

Question 3

Presenting syptoms

Answer 3

• Palpatations
• Signs of hypertention
• Signs of low brain perfusion: dizziness and forgetful
• Tachycardia angina and sudden cardiac death

Question 4

Causes of Arrhythmias

Answer 4

• Ischemia
• Hypoxia
• Acidosis or Alkakosis
• Excessive electrolyte
• Drug toxicity

Question 5

Superventricular arrhythmias

Answer 5

• Arterial fibrillation
• Arterial flutter
• Paroxysmal superventricular tachycardia
• heart blocks

Question 6

Ventricular arrhythmias

Answer 6

• Ventricular fribrillation
• Ventricular tachycardia

Question 7

What happens in sinus tachycardia

Answer 7

• Low systolic filling time
• Low BP
• Poor perfusion of Oxygenated blood
• Decreased cardiac output and stroke volume

Question 8

Sinus Bradycardia

Answer 8

• <60bpm regular rhythm and normal QRS
• Atenolol and bisoprolol lower heart rate
• Sinus node disease, Vagal stimulation well trained hearts

Question 9

Atrial fibrillation ECG

Answer 9

• Irregular rapid rhythm
• Unable to see P wave able to see QRS
• Unable to see isoelectric point and PR is not measureable
• 300bpm-600bpm

Question 10

Symptoms of AF

Answer 10

• Asymptomatic
• Palpatations
• Dyspenea
• Pulmonary odemea

Question 11

Causes of AF

Answer 11

• Athroscleosis
• Heart failure
• Congenital heart disease
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 12

Atrial flutter

Answer 12

• Normal atrial rhythm but irregular
• 150-400bpm
• Normal reate at AV node stops conducting action potentials
• Multiple P waves per QRS
• Regular in shape but irregular frequency

Saw tooth apperance

Question 13

Symptoms of atrial flutter

Answer 13

• Shortness of breath
• Tiredness
• Chest pains
• Fluttering heart beats

Question 14

Causes of arterial flutter

Answer 14

• Heart failure
• Pulmonary embolism
• Inferior wall of MI

Question 15

Superventricular tachychardia

Answer 15

• Fast electrical activity
• Regular with >150bpm and no P wave loop at AV node
• Narrow/normal QRS

Question 16

Symptoms of Superventricular tachychardia

Answer 16

• Chest pains feeling weak and tired
• Breathless and lightheaded
• Feeling sick sweating and fainting

Question 17

Causes of Superventricular tachychardia

Answer 17

• Heart disease
• Chronic lung disease
• Lots of caffine
• Drinking too much alcohol
• Drug misuse
• Smoking and pregnancy

Question 18

Ventricular tachychardia

Answer 18

• Regular rhythm with 120-200bpm
• P wave is blurred in QRS complex
• QRS complex wide and bizarre
• T wave opposite
• PR interval not present

Question 19

Ventricular tachychardia Symptoms

Answer 19

• Light headedness weakness
• Cardiac output cannot be maintained

Question 20

Ventricular tachychardia causes

Answer 20

• MI
• Aneuresym
• Hypokalemia

Question 21

Ventricular Tacycardia types

Answer 21

• Monomorphic
• Polymorphic

Question 22

Polymorphic Ventricular Tacycardia

Answer 22

• Called Torsades de pointes meaning twisting points

Question 23

Causes of Ventricular Tacycardia

Answer 23

• Genetic factors
• Hypokalemia
• Hypocalcemia

Question 24

Treatment Ventricular Tacycardia

Answer 24

• Shock heart back to sinius rhythm before reching VF

Question 25

Ventricular Fibrillation

Answer 25

• Rapid and uncoodinated
• Chaotic rhythm
• QRS complex wide and irregular
• P wave not seen and PR intervals noy seen

Question 26

Symptoms of Ventricular Fibrillation

Answer 26

• Loss of conciousness
• Pulselessness
• Loss of BP
• Possible sezuire and sudden death

Question 27

Causes of Ventricular Fibrillation

Answer 27

• MI
• Untreated ventricular tachycardia
• Electrolyte imbalance