Infection prevention and control Flashcards
1
Q
What is infection prevention
A
- Prevents patients and
health workers from being harmed by avoidable infection and antimicrobial stewardship
2
Q
What does infection control include
A
- Vaccination against
preventable diseases and antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical
procedures and recurrent infections
3
Q
Antimicrobial resistance
A
- Prevent infections slows antimicrobial resistance
- Slow the prescribing of antibiotic drugs
4
Q
How is infection spread
A
- Microrganism enter body increase number and cause a reaction in the body
5
Q
Three things which necessary for infection to occour
A
- Places where micro-organisms live
- Way for micro-organisms to enter the body
- Way microorganism enter the body and are moved to susceptiable person
6
Q
Sources
A
- Healthcare workers
- Visitors and household members
- Surfaces
- Indwelling medical devices
7
Q
Susceptible person
A
- Not vaccinated person weakened immune system
- Microoganism ever via body and invade tissues, multiply, and cause a reaction
- IV catheters and surgical incisions can provide an entryway
8
Q
Transmission
A
- Moved to susceptiable person perople and medical equipment
- Touching spray, splashing, sharps injuries
9
Q
Contact spread
A
- Move by touch
- MRSA - RESISTANCE to fluconazole ,
C.difficile - Lives in flora disrupt then causes disease
10
Q
Droplet respiratory spread
A
- Coughs or sneezes, creating droplets which carry micro-organisms short distances
- Land on persons eyes nose and mouth 2m distance
11
Q
Aerosol Respiratory Spread
A
- Tiny particles that survive on air currents over great
distances - Stay in air TB and measels cough, talk, or sneeze micro-organisms into the air
- aerosolized by medical equipment e.g. ventilation, CPAP, CPR
12
Q
PPE of contact
A
Handwashing
Gloves and Aprons
13
Q
Droplet PPE
A
- Fluid resistant surgical mask
14
Q
Aerosol
A
- FFP3 mask and eye protection
15
Q
Correct use of gloves
A
- Single use gloves - clean
- Make sure it fits correctly and remove gloves once task is complete
- Avoid touching edges
- clean hands after
16
Q
Define
Standard Precautions
A
- They protect healthcare providers from infection and prevent the spread of infection from patient to patient
17
Q
Transmission-Based Precautions
A
- Addition to Standard Precautions for patients who may be infected or colonized with certain infectious agents
- PPE provided
18
Q
Standard precautions examples
A
- Hand hygiene
- Bare below the elbow
- Follow respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette principles
- PPE if handling potentially infectious material e.g. body fluids
- Cleaning and disinfecting equipment and the environment
appropriately - Proper handling of needles and other sharps
19
Q
5 moments of hand hygine
A
- Before touching patient
- Clean before aseptic procedure
- After body fluid exosure risk
- After touching patiient surroundings
20
Q
Healthcare associated infection
A
- As any infection acquired in relation to the delivery of healthcare in
its widest sense in GP and hospital
21
Q
Clostridium difficile
A
- Causes infection when the guts normal flora is disrupted or if immunocompromised - previous treatmen using antibiotics
- Toxins damage lining of colon - diarrhoea to perforation of
the colon, sepsis and death - Spores spead in the hospital setting
22
Q
Screening for resistant organisms
A
- High risk are screened
- Mangement for patient that is colonised by resistant organism
- Antibiotic therapy may also need to be adjusted to ensure that treatment given cover this additional resistance
23
Q
Screening of MRSA
A
Nose, throat, groin + any wounds
24
Q
GRE and CPO screening
A
- Use a rectal swab
25
Q
Decolonisation
A
- Positive MRSA use decolonisation therapy
- Nasal decolonisation disinfect hair and skin for 5 days
- Re-screened and decolonisation repeated reduce the risk of spread of resistant organisms
26
Q
Cleaning and decontamination
A
- Regular cleaning and disinfecting surfaces vital
- Stethoscopes should also be
decontaminated between patients
27
Q
Medical devices
A
- Urinary catheters and IV lines provides route for infetion to enter
- Remove ASAPto decrease risk
- Switch from IV to oral when required
28
Q
Isolation
A
- Nurse patient is single rooms
- Priority risk in indavidual rooms or barrier nursed in bays instead
- Don and Doff appropriately
29
Q
Vaccinations
A
- Available against many viral and bacterial infections
- Children MMR and meningitis vaccines
30
Q
Pneumococcal vaccination
A
- Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogen meningitis, sepsis and pneumonia
- Given to childhood and risk groups
31
Q
Antibiotic prophylaxis
A
- Given to cover surgical
procedures where there is potential for contamination - Reduces reoccouring infections such as UTIs
32
Q
Surgical prophylaxis
A
- Antibotics given via IV before operations repeated doses are given for long operations or
if there is significant blood loss
33
Q
UTI or cellulitis Antibiotic prophylaxis
A
- Low daily dose of antibiotics used for a limited period to break cycle of infection
- Improve underlying factors
