Cardiovascular System Flashcards
1
Q
What does the cardiovascular system contain
A
- Blood
- Vessels
- Heart
2
Q
Three Types Of Circulation in the Cardiovascular system
A
- Pulmonary - Lungs to heart and heart to lungs
- Coronary system - circulation of blood in the heart
3
Q
Systemic circulation of coronary
A
- Artery taking blood out of the heart and circulation through the body
- Vein takes blood back to the heart
4
Q
Role of pulmonary artery and vein
A
- Pulmonary arteries take take deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs
- Pulmonary veins take oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
5
Q
Heart blood flow (Oxygenated)
A
- Oxygenated blood from the lungs is received by pulmonary vein in left atrium
- Left Atrium becomes full and pressures the bicuspid valve to open and blood flows to ventricle
- Ventricle has loaded and bicuspid valve shuts starting myocardial contraction
- Blood pushes through semi-lunar valve into the aorta
6
Q
Heart blood flow (deoxygenated)
A
- Deoxygenated blood enters from superior vena cava to the right atrium
- blood enters the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve
- When the heart contract the blood from the right ventricle enters the pulmonary artery via pulmonary valve
7
Q
Heart beat process
A
- Starts with Atrial Kick
- Cardiac Twist
- Lub Dub sound
8
Q
During ventricular filling
A
- Atrium is in diastole (relax)
- ventricle is in diastole (relax)
9
Q
During Atrial contraction
A
- Atria is in systole (contract)
- Ventricle is in diastole (relax)
10
Q
During isovolumetric contraction
A
- The atria is in diastole (relax)
- Ventricle is in systole contract
11
Q
During the ventricular ejaculation phase
A
- The atria is in diastole
- The ventricle is in systole
12
Q
During isovolumetric relaxation
A
- Both atria and ventricle and in diastole
13
Q
Heart electrical flow
A
- Sino atrial node sends impulse to atria ventricular node in septum
- Fibrous midline which contains no electrical conductivity
- Signal travels down the septum by the bundle of his to the purkinge fibers for contraction
14
Q
Cardiac muscle structure
A
- Striated branched muscle fibers single nucleus many mitochondria at T-Tubules
15
Q
How are cardiac muscles connected to each other
A
- Gap junctions causing depolarization between cells
- Desmosomes - hold fibers together during contraction
16
Q
Properties of cardiac muscle
A
- Initiate heartbeat consistent and continuous with regular pace and no external stimuli
- Respond to stimuli with strength and duration for action potential
- Conductive transmit pulse through cardiac tissue
- Ability to contract in response to stimuli
17
Q
Excitation contraction coupling
A
- When calcium approaches into cardiac myocytes it enters via L type calcium channel opens
- Stim the intra calcium store from sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium
- increase calcium cause calcium binding troponin myosin complex
- Calcium unbinds and pumped back to SR
- Relaxation causes excess Ca2+ exchange with Na+
- Maintained via Na+/K+ ATPase pump
18
Q
Sinus Rhythm ECG/EKG
A
- Wave of depolarization begin in SA node and spreads over the heart
- Ventricle > myocytes so big contraction
19
Q
P wave
A
- Atrial contraction followed by atrial relaxation (0.1sec) (depolarization)
20
Q
Q, R and S wave
A
- Ventricle contraction with high signal and large decrease (0.3 sec) (ventricle depolarization)
21
Q
T wave
A
- While ventricle relaxes systole and diastole (0.4 sec) (ventricle repolarization)
