Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What does the cardiovascular system contain

Answer 1

• Blood
• Vessels
• Heart

Question 2

Three Types Of Circulation in the Cardiovascular system

Answer 2

• Pulmonary - Lungs to heart and heart to lungs
• Coronary system - circulation of blood in the heart

Question 3

Systemic circulation of coronary

Answer 3

• Artery taking blood out of the heart and circulation through the body
• Vein takes blood back to the heart

Question 4

Role of pulmonary artery and vein

Answer 4

• Pulmonary arteries take take deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs
• Pulmonary veins take oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

Question 5

Heart blood flow (Oxygenated)

Answer 5

• Oxygenated blood from the lungs is received by pulmonary vein in left atrium
• Left Atrium becomes full and pressures the bicuspid valve to open and blood flows to ventricle
• Ventricle has loaded and bicuspid valve shuts starting myocardial contraction
• Blood pushes through semi-lunar valve into the aorta

Question 6

Heart blood flow (deoxygenated)

Answer 6

• Deoxygenated blood enters from superior vena cava to the right atrium
• blood enters the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve
• When the heart contract the blood from the right ventricle enters the pulmonary artery via pulmonary valve

Question 7

Heart beat process

Answer 7

• Starts with Atrial Kick
• Cardiac Twist
• Lub Dub sound

Question 8

During ventricular filling

Answer 8

• Atrium is in diastole (relax)
• ventricle is in diastole (relax)

Question 9

During Atrial contraction

Answer 9

• Atria is in systole (contract)
• Ventricle is in diastole (relax)

Question 10

During isovolumetric contraction

Answer 10

• The atria is in diastole (relax)
• Ventricle is in systole contract

Question 11

During the ventricular ejaculation phase

Answer 11

• The atria is in diastole
• The ventricle is in systole

Question 12

During isovolumetric relaxation

Answer 12

• Both atria and ventricle and in diastole

Question 13

Heart electrical flow

Answer 13

• Sino atrial node sends impulse to atria ventricular node in septum
• Fibrous midline which contains no electrical conductivity
• Signal travels down the septum by the bundle of his to the purkinge fibers for contraction

Question 14

Cardiac muscle structure

Answer 14

• Striated branched muscle fibers single nucleus many mitochondria at T-Tubules

Question 15

How are cardiac muscles connected to each other

Answer 15

• Gap junctions causing depolarization between cells
• Desmosomes - hold fibers together during contraction

Question 16

Properties of cardiac muscle

Answer 16

• Initiate heartbeat consistent and continuous with regular pace and no external stimuli
• Respond to stimuli with strength and duration for action potential
• Conductive transmit pulse through cardiac tissue
• Ability to contract in response to stimuli

Question 17

Excitation contraction coupling

Answer 17

• When calcium approaches into cardiac myocytes it enters via L type calcium channel opens
• Stim the intra calcium store from sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium
• increase calcium cause calcium binding troponin myosin complex
• Calcium unbinds and pumped back to SR
• Relaxation causes excess Ca2+ exchange with Na+
• Maintained via Na+/K+ ATPase pump

Question 18

Sinus Rhythm ECG/EKG

Answer 18

• Wave of depolarization begin in SA node and spreads over the heart
• Ventricle > myocytes so big contraction

Question 19

P wave

Answer 19

• Atrial contraction followed by atrial relaxation (0.1sec) (depolarization)

Question 20

Q, R and S wave

Answer 20

• Ventricle contraction with high signal and large decrease (0.3 sec) (ventricle depolarization)

Question 21

T wave

Answer 21

• While ventricle relaxes systole and diastole (0.4 sec) (ventricle repolarization)