Psychosis Flashcards
What do we mean by psychosis?
- People lose touch with reality
- Believe in stuff not objectively true
- Believe in events not objectively happening
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Bizarre behaviour
- Disorganised speech
Who proposed THE STANDARD MODEL?
-Jaspers (1959)
What was the the Standard Model?
- False judgements
- Extraordinary conviction
- Impervious to counterargument
- Impossible content
What exception needs to be included in psychosis diagnosis?
- Cultural norms
- If a belief is to be culturally widespread we can’t assume they are all deluded
- ie being abducted by aliens
What is the most common theme of Delusion?
- Persecutory
- That someone is trying to harm them ,to kill them or poison them
- Paranoid
What is morbid jealousy?
- Delusion that their lover is cheating on them
- Can be dangerous as they may attack their partner
What is the theme of misidentification?
- They have been taken over by someone else - Capgras
- They believe others have been taken over by someone else - Fregoli
What is grandiose?
-That you are king , queen , prime minister or millionaire
What is the religious theme of delusion?
- That they have religious mission
- That they are Jesus or God
What do guilt/worthlessness, poverty and hypochondriacal.all have in common?
- All have feelings of sadness and depression
- responsible fore natural disasters etc
What delusion is rare?
-Communication of delusion is rare
What is folie a deux?
- Where two individuals who are closely related share same delusion
- If two are separated, one keeps delusion one loses it
What are primary delusions?
-Delusions that are UNunderstandable
- eg patient thinks everyone is chameleon
- nothing in his life to suggest why he would think this
What are secondary delusions?
- Understandable delusions given the information we have about patient mode and life history
- failed pregnancies etc
What are over-valued ideas?
- Ideas shared by a large majority of people
- They are understandable ideas
- But beyond bounds of reason
- Common in people with OCD
eg someone has covid
wash their hands 200 times a day
What is definition for hallucinations?
-False perception without an external stimulus
eg hearing voice or seeing things
What are examples of auditory hallucinations?
- running commentary
- discussing person in third person
- hearings ones thoughts out loud
What are visual hallucinations and why may this occur?
- Seeing things
- May suggest organic brain disease
What is example of olfactory hallucinations?
-Smelling things
What is example of gustatory hallucinations?
-Can taste “poison” in food
What is example of tactile hallucinations?
- insects crawling upon skin, sexual sensations
- mainly in drug addicts
- those in withdrawal
What are pseudo hallucinations?
- Lack in quality of hallucinations
- Take place inside their head
- Patient is aware that hallucination is not real
What is waxy flexibility?
- Move arm above head and it stays there
- Cannot be moved
What is psychological pillow?
- Catatonic state
- Freeze for many hours
What is a positive with treatment of disorganised speech?
- Chat mad shit
- But with medication they can talk sense
What is the passivity phenomena?
- Rare thought disorder
- Idea that their thoughts have been taken over by someone else-
Withdrawal
Broadcast
Insertion
What is a key feature of psychosis?
- Lack insight
- Refuse to accept they are ill
What are the two argued approaches to psychosis?
-categorical vs dimensional
What is meant by categorical psychosis?
- you either have psychosis or you don’t
- some born with certain disorders will most likely get it
- schizophrenia
What is meant by dimensional psychosis?
- everyone is on spectrum of psychosis
- some are more psychotic than others
What percentage of population here voices?
-5-8
What percentage of population see delusions?
-10-15
What is ganser syndrome?
- people pretend to have psychosis when they dont
- prison inmates
