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Psychiatry, Psychology and the Mind > Intelligence - 1 > Flashcards

Intelligence - 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is the concept of intelligence contentious?

A
  • No agreed standard definition

- Because psychologists don’t agree on theory of intelligence

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2
Q

How can culture impact what they perceive intelligence to be?

A

-Different societies and cultures perceive intelligence in different way and see different components as determinants of intelligence

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3
Q

How does gender and ethnicity affect historically the way intelligence was perceived?

A
  • Male smarter than females

- Asians perceived to be more intelligent

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4
Q

What other key component could define intelligence?

A

-Different rules if you disabled

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5
Q

What other individual characteristics could contribute to intelligence?

A
  • Personality
  • Morality
  • Integrity
  • Empathy
  • Honesty
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6
Q

What demonstrates intelligence?

A
  • Ability to demonstrate knowledge
  • Education
  • Analytical skills
  • Financial acumen
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7
Q

What do psychologists argue regarding intelligence?

A
  • That intelligence doesn’t exist as a real entity

- Argue that is just a label

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8
Q

What is general definition for intelligence?

A

-A hypothetical mental ability that enables people to direct their thinking adapt to their circumstances and learn from their experiences

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9
Q

What should intelligent people be able to do?

A
  • Have general ability to understand and use information, and to think logically.
  • Form mental representations or models of how we understand our surroundings and the world
  • to adapt to new situations and make sense of the world
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10
Q

What was Francis Galton’s theory of Intelligence and what year was it proposed?

A

-Theory of Hereditary Genius (1869)

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11
Q

What did Galton’s theory entail?

A
  • Variation in ability within the population
  • Variations are inherited
  • Proposed idea of Nature vs nurture
  • First person to use questionnaire assessments to measure intelligence
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12
Q

Who proposed the idea of Mental age?

A

-Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

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13
Q

Why was the idea of mental age proposed?

A
  • In the 1900s in France there was eduction reform
  • Children of all social classes were allowed into education
  • Issue was all children had different levels of education and meant that classes had different ranges of ability
  • Billet and Simon devised aptitude tests to test Childs raw ability regardless of education to devise mental age
  • With these tests they placed children into classes most suited to them
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14
Q

What is mental age?

A

-Refers to abilities a child should have for their age

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15
Q

Who proposed theory of general intelligence and in what year?

A
  • Charles Spearman

- 1904

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16
Q

What did theory of general intelligence propose?

A
  • Spearman noticed performance on one type of intelligence test correlated to performance in other types of test
  • He thought it was due to underlying general ability
  • He then proposed “TWO FACTOR THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE”
  • First factor was just general underlying intelligence (g)
  • Second was that each individual had special factor abilities (s)
17
Q

How did Raymond Catell develop Spearman theory?

A
  • Suggested that intelligence is crystallised or fluid
  • What is fluid intelligence (gf)- ability to solve new problems and find patterns such as abstract reasoning or problem solving (don’t depend on education or experience or prior knowledge)
  • Crystallised intelligence (gc) - ability of individual to use learnt knowledge or experience
18
Q

What was the theory of Howard Gardner?

A
  • Multiple intelligences - potentials
  • That there are multiple intelligences rather than one underlying intelligence
Linguistic
Musical
Logical / mathematical
Spatial 
Bodily- kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal

-Individuals are better at some rather than others

19
Q

What is evidence for Gardner theory?

A
  • Difficult to support empirically

- Evidence from stroke patients where one area of brain is damaged or in car accidents

20
Q

What is Savant syndrome?

A
  • Where individual has general low IQ
  • But have high abilities in specific area of intelligences
  • Such as musical or linguistics

Psychiatry, Psychology and the Mind (32 decks)

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