Intelligence - 2 Flashcards
How are intelligent tests described to be?
-Valid and reliable psychological tests
How may different types of intelligent tests differ?
- Some use words and numbers
- Some use cultural knowledge
- Some use shapes/designs
- Some avoid cultural knowledge
- Some measure reaction time
- Some measure pattern recognition
What can the performance of one type of test indicate?
- Good performance in one test correlates with performance in other types of tests
- Scores on intelligent test consistently remain the same underlying level of general intelligence
What is IQ?
- Coined by William Stern (1912)
- Index of intelligence derived from scoring intelligence tests
How can IQ be calculated?
- (mental age/chronological age) x 100
- calculated using percentile rankings which are then converted to equivalent IQ scores and projected onto a normal distribution curve
Why are intelligence tests scrutinised?
-Intelligent tests assess different potentials but produce just a single score
How are Intelligence tests divided?
-Divided into performance tasks and verbal tasks
What do performance tasks assess?
-assess non-verbal reasoning, perceptual reasoning, inductive reasoning, problem solving, processing speed, pattern recognition etc
What are examples of performance tasks?
- picture completion
- block design
- matrix reasoning
- object assembly
What do verbal reasoning tasks entail?
-given a text (one or more paragraphs)
and asked a series of questions. These may be true/false,
explicit or implicit multiple choice, or meta multiplechoice
What does verbal reasoning test?
-understanding & comprehension inference and critical analysis
What does arithmetic test?
-immediate memory & calculation
What does digit span measure?
-term auditory memory & focus
What does reverse digit span and letter-number sequencing test?
-short-term memory, attention & ability to manipulate information in short term memory
What type of scores and results do intelligence tests provide?
- normally distributed scores (bell curve)
- mean of 100
- SD of 15
What are typical IQ scores UK?
- Most people have IQ of 70-130
- 68% of population have score (85-115)
- 5% have IQ over 125
- 2% have IQ over 132
- Below 70 indicates disability
Who is WAIS, WASI, WISC and WPPSI for?
- WAIS - Healthy adult
- WASI - concentration issues due to brain injury
- WISC - children
- WPPSI- children in pre school or primary school
How are WAIS, WASI, WISC and WPPSI delivered?
- One to one format
- via educational psychologist
- only available to qualified practitioners
Who is Stanford-Binet test for and how many sub-tests?
- 2 to 85
- 10
What is advantage of Stanford-Binet compared to Weshcler Test?
-Cheaper
What type of test is Raven’s Progressive Matrices?
- non-verbal
- Abstract
What does Raven’s Progressive Matrices entail?
- Timed test
- Consist of 60 matrices
- get progressively harder
- In person or online
- People of different languages can do it
- People with sensory or hearing impairments such as aphasia
How is Cattell’s Culture Fair IQ Test designed?
-designed to avoid knowledge specific to any culture
What is NART and how is it used?
- National Adult Reading Test (NART)
- Used to determine intelligence before they got dementia
- delivered by psychologist
- subject is shown a word on a card from a list of 50 words written in British English which have irregular spelling. They are then asked to read and correctly pronounce the word
- Scores can be converted to WAIS.
- should not be used if patient has dyslexia or cerebral damage affecting language ability, or by non English speakers.
What is dementia rating scale?
-Scale used to determine progression of dementia, parkinsons disease and mental retardation
What test, tests babies and infants to assess intellectual development?
-Bayley Scales of Infant &Toddler Development
6 Extraneous influences on IQ test scores
- Familiarity with the particular concepts and materials used (increase speed of response)
- Motivation to do well (wanting to do well on any test benefits score)
- Distraction (interfere with concentration)
- The way the test is administered ( some tests like weschler delivered one-one)
- Sensory problems (time of day, clarity of instructions)
What are 3 internal influences?
- Emotional state – anxiety, depression, bereavement
- Physical illness – hayfever, back pain
- Mental illness - psychosis, schizophrenias, depression
How are tests designed in the context of gender?
-Designed to reduce any difference as a result of gender
How do males and females perform differently int the intelligence tests?
- Males are better at performance (visual spatial)
- Females are better at verbal tasks
How do male and female score differ?
- More spread out
- More males at extreme ends
- Females scores tend to cluster around mean.
How does IQ change over lifespan?
-Peaks around 20 remains so until 50 then decreases slowly
What is higher childhood IQ associated with?
- Academic achievement
- Higher economic status in adulthood
- Lower morbidity and mortality
- Fewer adult hospital admissions for injuries/assault
- Less likely to smoke tobacco
- Less likely to become obese
- Less likely to be incarcerated
What are allergies, asthma and auto-immune conditions more prevalent with?
-high IQ bands
What are Mood disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more common in?
-High iq bands
What is a clinical use of IQ test?
-Diagnose and quantify the extent of learning disability children
What may learning difficulties be caused by?
-Congenital problems, exposure to toxic substances or oxygen deprivation or meningitis
What may learning disability result in?
- Reduced intellectual ability- overall cognitive impairment
- Takes longer to understand information
- Takes longer to learn skills
- Difficulty coping independently with life
- Life long
What is the other clinical uses of IQ tests?
-diagnosing and characterising specific learning difficulties
-assessing intellectual impairment following trauma
(head injury, stroke and poisoning)
-assessing intellectual impairment associated with medical problems or disease processes (Alzheimer’s, dementia, depression
-assessing intellectual capabilities in patients with genetic or developmental disorders (Down syndrome)
-
What are examples of learning difficulties?
- dyslexia
- adhd
- dyscalculia
- dyspraxia- motor coordination
