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Psychiatry, Psychology and the Mind > Intelligence - 2 > Flashcards

Intelligence - 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How are intelligent tests described to be?

A

-Valid and reliable psychological tests

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2
Q

How may different types of intelligent tests differ?

A
  • Some use words and numbers
  • Some use cultural knowledge
  • Some use shapes/designs
  • Some avoid cultural knowledge
  • Some measure reaction time
  • Some measure pattern recognition
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3
Q

What can the performance of one type of test indicate?

A
  • Good performance in one test correlates with performance in other types of tests
  • Scores on intelligent test consistently remain the same underlying level of general intelligence
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4
Q

What is IQ?

A
  • Coined by William Stern (1912)

- Index of intelligence derived from scoring intelligence tests

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5
Q

How can IQ be calculated?

A
  • (mental age/chronological age) x 100
  • calculated using percentile rankings which are then converted to equivalent IQ scores and projected onto a normal distribution curve
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6
Q

Why are intelligence tests scrutinised?

A

-Intelligent tests assess different potentials but produce just a single score

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7
Q

How are Intelligence tests divided?

A

-Divided into performance tasks and verbal tasks

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8
Q

What do performance tasks assess?

A

-assess non-verbal reasoning, perceptual reasoning, inductive reasoning, problem solving, processing speed, pattern recognition etc

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9
Q

What are examples of performance tasks?

A
  • picture completion
  • block design
  • matrix reasoning
  • object assembly
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10
Q

What do verbal reasoning tasks entail?

A

-given a text (one or more paragraphs)
and asked a series of questions. These may be true/false,
explicit or implicit multiple choice, or meta multiplechoice

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11
Q

What does verbal reasoning test?

A

-understanding & comprehension inference and critical analysis

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12
Q

What does arithmetic test?

A

-immediate memory & calculation

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13
Q

What does digit span measure?

A

-term auditory memory & focus

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14
Q

What does reverse digit span and letter-number sequencing test?

A

-short-term memory, attention & ability to manipulate information in short term memory

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15
Q

What type of scores and results do intelligence tests provide?

A
  • normally distributed scores (bell curve)
  • mean of 100
  • SD of 15
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16
Q

What are typical IQ scores UK?

A
  • Most people have IQ of 70-130
  • 68% of population have score (85-115)
  • 5% have IQ over 125
  • 2% have IQ over 132
  • Below 70 indicates disability
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17
Q

Who is WAIS, WASI, WISC and WPPSI for?

A
  • WAIS - Healthy adult
  • WASI - concentration issues due to brain injury
  • WISC - children
  • WPPSI- children in pre school or primary school
18
Q

How are WAIS, WASI, WISC and WPPSI delivered?

A
  • One to one format
  • via educational psychologist
  • only available to qualified practitioners
19
Q

Who is Stanford-Binet test for and how many sub-tests?

A
  • 2 to 85

- 10

20
Q

What is advantage of Stanford-Binet compared to Weshcler Test?

A

-Cheaper

21
Q

What type of test is Raven’s Progressive Matrices?

A
  • non-verbal

- Abstract

22
Q

What does Raven’s Progressive Matrices entail?

A
  • Timed test
  • Consist of 60 matrices
  • get progressively harder
  • In person or online
  • People of different languages can do it
  • People with sensory or hearing impairments such as aphasia
23
Q

How is Cattell’s Culture Fair IQ Test designed?

A

-designed to avoid knowledge specific to any culture

24
Q

What is NART and how is it used?

A
  • National Adult Reading Test (NART)
  • Used to determine intelligence before they got dementia
  • delivered by psychologist
  • subject is shown a word on a card from a list of 50 words written in British English which have irregular spelling. They are then asked to read and correctly pronounce the word
  • Scores can be converted to WAIS.
  • should not be used if patient has dyslexia or cerebral damage affecting language ability, or by non English speakers.
25
Q

What is dementia rating scale?

A

-Scale used to determine progression of dementia, parkinsons disease and mental retardation

26
Q

What test, tests babies and infants to assess intellectual development?

A

-Bayley Scales of Infant &Toddler Development

27
Q

6 Extraneous influences on IQ test scores

A
  • Familiarity with the particular concepts and materials used (increase speed of response)
  • Motivation to do well (wanting to do well on any test benefits score)
  • Distraction (interfere with concentration)
  • The way the test is administered ( some tests like weschler delivered one-one)
  • Sensory problems (time of day, clarity of instructions)
28
Q

What are 3 internal influences?

A
  • Emotional state – anxiety, depression, bereavement
  • Physical illness – hayfever, back pain
  • Mental illness - psychosis, schizophrenias, depression
29
Q

How are tests designed in the context of gender?

A

-Designed to reduce any difference as a result of gender

30
Q

How do males and females perform differently int the intelligence tests?

A
  • Males are better at performance (visual spatial)

- Females are better at verbal tasks

31
Q

How do male and female score differ?

A
  • More spread out
  • More males at extreme ends
  • Females scores tend to cluster around mean.
32
Q

How does IQ change over lifespan?

A

-Peaks around 20 remains so until 50 then decreases slowly

33
Q

What is higher childhood IQ associated with?

A
  • Academic achievement
  • Higher economic status in adulthood
  • Lower morbidity and mortality
  • Fewer adult hospital admissions for injuries/assault
  • Less likely to smoke tobacco
  • Less likely to become obese
  • Less likely to be incarcerated
34
Q

What are allergies, asthma and auto-immune conditions more prevalent with?

A

-high IQ bands

35
Q

What are Mood disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more common in?

A

-High iq bands

36
Q

What is a clinical use of IQ test?

A

-Diagnose and quantify the extent of learning disability children

37
Q

What may learning difficulties be caused by?

A

-Congenital problems, exposure to toxic substances or oxygen deprivation or meningitis

38
Q

What may learning disability result in?

A
  • Reduced intellectual ability- overall cognitive impairment
  • Takes longer to understand information
  • Takes longer to learn skills
  • Difficulty coping independently with life
  • Life long
39
Q

What is the other clinical uses of IQ tests?

A

-diagnosing and characterising specific learning difficulties
-assessing intellectual impairment following trauma
(head injury, stroke and poisoning)
-assessing intellectual impairment associated with medical problems or disease processes (Alzheimer’s, dementia, depression
-assessing intellectual capabilities in patients with genetic or developmental disorders (Down syndrome)
-

40
Q

What are examples of learning difficulties?

A
  • dyslexia
  • adhd
  • dyscalculia
  • dyspraxia- motor coordination

Psychiatry, Psychology and the Mind (32 decks)

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