Mental disorder and Offending Behaviour Flashcards
What is the myth regarding people with schizophrenia?
-They are more violent than the general public
When do psychiatrists get involved?
- When offender is known mentally disordered - are they on meds, is crime a result of mental illness
- When offence is unusual or odd - necrophilia - fucking a corpse
- When a person needs treatment - if they need urgently or if they can wait
What are two clinical skills in the field of forensic psychology?
- Assessment & Treatment of Mental Disorder
- Assessment of aggression and violence, then assisting others in understanding
What are two clinicolegal skills?
- Utilizing understanding of medical and legal concepts to map one onto the other
- Assisting Legaland in the psychological understanding of violent behaviour
What are three types of violence?
- Reactive
- Instrumental
- Sadistic
What is meant by reactive violence?
-Violence as a result of anger, fear and danger
What is meant by instrumental violence?
-Violence to reach a desired outcome (political. financial, profit)
What is meant by sadistic violence?
Enjoyment in violence
What are CU traits?
- Callous-unemotional traits
What do children with CU traits develop?
- Anti social disorder
- Psychopathy
- Due connection issues in neural pathway in amygdala
- Less able to recognise facial expressions like fear
- Can manipulate others
What is the genetic mediated deficiency that is observed?
- MAOA deficiency
- leads to increased violence and aggression
What is purpose of orbito frontal cortex?
-Involved in ethics and philosophy
What is orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction observed in?
-Observed in individuals with Anti Social Personality disorder (ASPD)
What specific region of brain is observed in PET scan?
-Frontal Lobe
What are the observations found in PET scan?
- Reduced metabolism in frontal lobe
- Associated with aggression, violence and murder
- Scans in individual who commit these crimes
What is reduced frontal lobe perfusion associated with?
-Antisocial behaviour
Describe case of Phineas Gage
- Spike through and through his frontal lobe
- Caused behavioural changes
- Angry, swearing more irritable
- However after few months, behaviour recovered
- Lived till long age (60s 70s)
- Shows that behaviour is not always due to neuroanatomy
What are 5 sub factors of social factors?
- Economic and health
- Familial
- Peer
- Societal
- school
Example of economic and health factors
- Poverty
- Unemployment
- Chronic physical
- Mental illness
Example of familial factors
Parental inadequacy, criminality
Intra-family violence
Large family size
Child abuse and neglect
Example of peer factors
-Antisocial/delinquent peers/gang membership
Example of school factors
-Low educational ability and academic attainment
Lack of parental involvement
Example of societal factors
- Inequality – access to education, housing
- Prejudice
- Poor support network and lack of social cohesion
What is the correlation between adverse childhood experience and crime?
-Four or more ACEs increase risk of conviction for repeated and severe violence
What is correlation between child hood trauma and crime?
-Admission for childhood trauma increases risk of violent offending in both sexes
How does victimology relate to crime?
Is a relationship with the victim a key factor in this violence?
Is victim random
What was purpose of crime and was it achieved
Is this a repetition of childhood trauma?
What are the other factors when looking at criminals?
- History
- Mental State
- Environment
What is relationship between psychosis and violent offence?
- Psychosis higher in those prisoners with violent offence than in those with non-violent offences
- Also more likely to be victims of crime as well
What is relationship between schizophrenia and violence?
-10% of schizophrenic patients report a -violent act in 12 month period in comparison to 2% of those w/o mental disorder
What are stronger factors for violence regardless of mental state?
- male
- 15-30
- Socioeconomically deprived
- Past Hx of violence
Who are most likely to be victims of homicide?
- Family members/ known to perpetrator
- 75% of cases, victim known to perp
- Or as a result of bar brawl
What is infanticide?
- Mother becomes psychotic or depressed and kills her kid in first year of birth
- 66% of all infant related murders are infanticide
What are 3 charges for homicide?
- Murder
- Manslaughter - accidental murder
- Infanticide
What is TCO?
- Threat/Control Override Psychotic Symptoms
- Symptoms describe a patient’s feeling of being “gravely threatened by someone who intends to cause harm” and of an override of self-control through external forces
- Violence becomes more likely when mentally ill individuals feel threatened-
What is arson?
- Fire setting crime
- Intent unknown
- Common in young men under 18
What is pathological fire-setting?
Preoccupation with subjects related to fire
What is pyromania?
Pleasure/satisfaction with fire setting
What is other reasons for arson?
-Hide evidence of crime
]Insurance scams
What is association between stalking and mental illness?
-High
What is stalking?
-Unwanted contact / communication
following
threats
assault
phone calls/texts
Characteristics of stalkers?
- Majority of stalkers known to victims
- 80-90 percent are male
- 80 percent victims are female
- Mean age is mid 30s
What are 5 types of stalkers?
- Rejected
- Resentful - organisations or workplace
- Intimacy seeker - wanna clart and in love
- Incompetent suitor - lust and loneliness and then leave them
- Predatory
What is contact sex offence?
-
What is contact sen offence?
-Sex assault against children or adults -rape
What is non-contact sex offence?
- Exposing online offenders
- Dick pic
What is relationship between mental health disorders and schizophrenia?
- Strong association between the risk of sexual offending and
- Personality disorder
- Child and adolescent disorders (conduct, ADHD)
- Learning disability
Define serial murder
-The unlawful killing of two or more victims by the same offender(s), in separate events
Define mass murder
-4 or more in the same incident, with no distinctive time period between the murder
Define spree murder
-2 or more murders committed by an offender or offenders, without a cooling-off period.
Fixated murder
-isolated loners pursuing idiosyncratic quests or grievances to an irrational degree
Define terrorism
-the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a religious or political aim
What are different types of personality disorders?
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Psychopathy (technically an empathy disorder)
Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Paranoid Personality Disorder
