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Psychiatry, Psychology and the Mind > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by personality?

A
  • Traits that are stable across time and situations

- Preferences on certain ways of behaving

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2
Q

What can affect personalities?

A

-The situation you are in can help determine your behaviour

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3
Q

What is the fundamental attribution error?

A

-Individuals tendency to overemphasise internal characteristics in explaining behaviour rather than external factors

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4
Q

What is actor-observer bias?

A

-People overestimate role of situation and underemphasise personality

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5
Q

How many dimensions of personality are there?

A

-5

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6
Q

What is the percentage of variance and what is the explanation for this?

A
  • 50% variance

- Explained by genetic factors

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7
Q

What external factor also plays a role in personality?

A

-Environment

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8
Q

What should be aware of when determine inherited characteristics?

A

-Beware what is inherited are more likely to be limits around set points rather than absolute characteristics.

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9
Q

What are the 5 dimensions of personality?

A
  • Extraversion
  • Agreeableness
  • Conscientiousness
  • Neuroticism
  • Openness
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10
Q

What statistical technique determines personality?

A
  • Factor analysis
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11
Q

What is extraversion?

A

-How sociable and “loud” someone is

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12
Q

What is agreeableness?

A

-How easy it is to get along with someone

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13
Q

How does agreeableness depend?

A
  • How agreeable you want a person will depend on the situation
  • eg lawyer doctor
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14
Q

What is personality disorder determined by during assessment?

A

-behaviour

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15
Q

What is meant by Conscientiousness?

A

-how hard working someone is

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16
Q

What are issues with conscientious people?

A
  • they have difficulty relaxing

- see everything in life as a task

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17
Q

What is issue with unconscientious people?

A

-Have difficulty focusing on the task

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18
Q

What is Neuroticism?

A

-having the tendency to think negatively and think of the word in a negative way

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19
Q

What is non-neurotic?

A

-Think positively

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20
Q

What is advantage to neuroticism?

A
  • see threats quicker
  • more balanced decisions made
  • increases survival likeliness
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21
Q

-What is negative of neuroticism?

A

-more likely to have depression at some point in your life

22
Q

What is openness?

A

-Willingness to explore new things

23
Q

What is negative of openness?

A

-more exposure to risk

24
Q

How is personality assessed?

A

-Self report questionnaire

25
Q

What is potential problem with self-report questionnaire?

A
  • do not know if it is truthful response
26
Q

What are the three forms of personality based outcomes?

A
  • Individual
  • Interpersonal
  • Social/Interpersonal
27
Q

What is social well-being comprised of?

A
  • A cognitive component

- An emotional component

28
Q

What is the cognitive component?

A
  • personal judgement on life satisfaction
29
Q

What is the emotional component?

A

-The experience of positive and absence of negative emotions

30
Q

How does extraversion and neuroticism affect the way people see things?

A
  • people high in extraversion and low in neuroticism tend to see events and situations in a more positive light
31
Q

What factors are related to happiness?

A
  • extraversion

- neuroticism

32
Q

How are demographic factors related to well-being?

A

-weakly/moderately related

33
Q

Examples of demographic factors?

A
  • age
  • sex
  • marital status
  • employment
34
Q

What do personality traits have a stable effect on?

A
  • health
  • longevity
  • those with more meaningful and longer relationships are more likely to live longer
35
Q

What does low agreeableness appear to correlate?

A

-predicts poorer health

36
Q

What traits leads to better health?

A
  • extraversion (want to live longer, make and keep friends)

- conscientious

37
Q

What is conscientious associated with?

A

-Reduced physical and mental health risk

38
Q

What is neuroticism associated with?

A

-Increased physical and mental health risk

39
Q

What is empathy a combination of?

A
  • extraversion
  • agreeableness
  • emotional regulation
40
Q

What is empathy best predicted by?

A

-best predicted by low neuroticism

41
Q

What personality traits can affect negative relationship outcomes?

A

-Neuroticism and low agreeableness

42
Q

What does conscientiousness predict?

A

-work performance across occupations

43
Q

How does agreeableness affect job performance?

A

-Relates to job performance when a teamwork is important

44
Q

What is years of education related to?

A

-intellect, or openness

45
Q

What traits perhaps indicate how one feels about work?

A
  • extraversion

- emotional stability

46
Q

What is emotional stability related to?

A

-Financial stability

47
Q

What is low conscientiousness consistently associated with?

A

-criminal/anti social behaviour

48
Q

What is low agreeableness and low conscientiousness associated with?

A
  • Low agreeableness, and low conscientiousness
49
Q

What traits improve as you age?

A
  • age conscientiousness and emotional stability

- agreeableness

50
Q

What decreases across lifespan?

A
  • openness

Psychiatry, Psychology and the Mind (32 decks)

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