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Classes > Psych test 5 > Flashcards

Psych test 5 Flashcards

1
Q

demandingness

A

how much parents set down rules and expectations

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2
Q

responsiveness

A

how sensitive parents are to their child’s needs and how much
parents express warmth

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3
Q

Permissive parenting

A

lenient, accepting, low expectations, few rules

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4
Q

Authoritative parenting

A

responsive, power-like, high expectations, assertive

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5
Q

uninvolved parenting

A

passive, neglectful, absent

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6
Q

Authoritarian parenting

A

punishment, clear rules, power-over, emotionally distant, high expectations

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7
Q

What is authoritative most associated with?

A

independent, self-assured, creative, socially skilled, academic success, empathy, optimism,

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8
Q

Effects of authoritarian parenting on boys and girls

A

boys - aggressive
girls - anxious, unhappy

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9
Q

effects of a permissive parent

A

lack self control, issues getting along with teachers and peers

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10
Q

effects of uninvolved or disengaged parenting

A

high impulsivity, higher rates of behavior problems

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11
Q

Asian cultures: Filial piety

A

belief that children should respect, obey, and revere their parents
throughout life

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12
Q

Latino American cultures: Respecto

A

respect for and obedience to parents and elders (especially dad)

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13
Q

Latino American cultures: Familismo

A

emphasizes the love, closeness, and mutual obligations of Latinx
family life

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14
Q

what age is middle childhood

A

6 to 9

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15
Q

What age was Piagets concrete operations stage? What are the skills?

A

age 7 to 11
capable of using mental operations
organize and manipulate information in mind
conservation
seriation tasks

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16
Q

What are seriation tasks?

A

sorting by size, color, number

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17
Q

criticisms of Piaget’s tasks

A

focus on mastery
exposure to tasks and practice can influence performance

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18
Q

The calm before the storm

A

golden age - high well being and low volatility
frequency of negative emotions decline
environment requires better emotion regulation

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19
Q

Ambivalence

A

experiencing two
contradictory emotions
simultaneously

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20
Q

gender development in developed countries

A

gender attitudes and behavior become more stereotypes
associate certain personality traits with specific gender
jobs become associated with gender

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21
Q

How does middle childhood for puberty start?

A

the proportion of body fat increases
reaches threshold level

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22
Q

what does reaching the threshold do?

A

series of chemical events triggers
ovaries and testes increase production of sex hormones

23
Q

sex hormones

A

estrogens and androgens
estradiol and testosterone

24
Q

hormonal changes

A

maturation of primary and secondary sex characteristics

25
Q

primary

A

production of eggs (ova); production of sperm

26
Q

girls

A

menarche
release 1 egg per cycle

27
Q

boys

A

spermarche - around age 12
produce millions

28
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

growth of pubic hair
voice changes
production of skin oils and sweat

29
Q

white American and British girls

A

girls begin 2 years earlier than boys

30
Q

Kikuyu culture in Kenya

A

boys begin before girls

31
Q

Age at beginning

A

strongly influenced by technology (eg, food production, medical care)

32
Q

early maturing for girls

A

negative for girls
depressed mood, negative body image, eating disorders

33
Q

early maturing for boys

A

positive for boys
better body image, more popular

34
Q

formal operations stage

A

starts at age 11
completes at age 15 to 20
development of abstract thinking

35
Q

hypothetical deductive reasoning

A

process of applying scientific thinking to tasks
forming and testing hypotheses, drawing conclusions

36
Q

executive function

A

cognitive control of thought, behavior, and emotion
goal-directed, regulation of attention

37
Q

Why does it pop back up in adolescence?

A

this is another period of accelerated growth (12-15)

38
Q

PFC development

A

one of the last brain structures to develop

39
Q

adolescence PFC

A

imbalance between mature areas and immature PFC

40
Q

why does conflict with parents increase?

A

Cognitive development
more independence and autonomy
parental concerns about safety

41
Q

What are children’s responses to divorce?

A

25% have severe emotional or behavioral issues

42
Q

What factors influence how divorce affects children?

A

quality of relationships between family members

43
Q

switch from high conflict to low conflict post divorce

A

children’s functioning improves

44
Q

selective association

A

people tend to prefer being around others who are like themselves

45
Q

Intergroup contact theory

A

when majority and minority groups interact, negative feelings about each other tend to dissipate

46
Q

time of rapid biological growth

A

2 to 5 years

47
Q

critiques of piaget

A

use of formal operations in all situations/problems
individual differences
cultural differences

48
Q

what are the two periods of accelerated growth?

A

early childhood - 3 to 5
early to mid-adolescence - 12 -15

49
Q

Adolescents depend more on…..

A

friends for companionship and intimacy compared to family

50
Q

what do close and emotional friendships in adolescence lead to?

A

improvements in anxiety, depression, and self-worth 10 years later

51
Q

friendships in developing countries

A

more time spent with family, but friends are still important

52
Q

what is the most important feature of adolescent friendships?

A

intimacy - sharing of personal knowledge, thoughts, and feelings

53
Q

What age does formal operations start?

A

At age 11

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