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Classes > Psych test 2 > Flashcards

Psych test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are chromosomes made of?

A

DNA

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2
Q

What do cells contain?

A

chromosomes

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3
Q

How many chromosomes do we have?

A

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
one from mom, one from dad

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4
Q

genotype

A

a persons genetic inheritance

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5
Q

phenotype

A

a persons characteristics which comes from the genotype

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6
Q

dominant-recessive inheritance

A

dominant influences genotype
recessive only influences if paired with another recessive

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7
Q

form of a gene

A

an allele

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8
Q

when does dominant recessive inheritance happen?

A

only for traits determined by a single gene

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9
Q

incomplete dominance

A

phenotype primarily influenced by the dominant gene
Example: sickle cell anemia

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10
Q

Ss - sickle cell

A

resistant to malaria

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11
Q

polygenic inheritance

A

when two or more genes affect the expression of one trait

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12
Q

What sex chromosomes do women have?

A

XX

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13
Q

What chromosomes do men have?

A

XY

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14
Q

Why are men more vulnerable to recessive disorders linked to the x chromosomes?

A

They have an xy chromosome so they don’t have another x to bump off the x linked disorders

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15
Q

behavior genetics

A

goal is to identify how much genes influence behavior

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16
Q

MZ twins

A

identical; share 100% of genes

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17
Q

DZ twins

A

fraternal; share 50% of genes

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18
Q

heritability

A

an estimate of the extent to which genes are responsible for differences among people within a specific population

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19
Q

What percentage of population differences can we get from environmental and genetic

A

.70 = genetic factor is estimated to contribute 70%
environmental = 30%
intelligence heritability factor = .50

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20
Q

what family is the heritability of intelligence higher?

A

middle-income families > lower income

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21
Q

concordance rate

A

degree of similarity in phenotype among pairs of family members

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22
Q

What is the percent of twin B developing schizophrenia if twin A has it? MZ twins

A

50%

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23
Q

What is the percent of twin B developing schizophrenia if twin A has it? DZ twins

A

18%

24
Q

epigenetics

A

development results from bidirectional interactions between genotype and environment

25
Q

gilbert gottlieb

A

there is not a single, predetermined path for any developmental outcome

26
Q

reaction range

A

range of possible developmental paths established by genes; environment determines where development takes place within that range

27
Q

Drs Sandra Scarr & Kathleen McCartney Theory

A

genes influence the kind of environment we experience

28
Q

passive genotype

A

occur when parents provide the genes and environment

29
Q

evocative effect

A

occur when inherited characteristics evoke responses from others

30
Q

active genotype

A

when people seek out environments that corresponds to their genotypic characteristics = niche-picking

31
Q

passive - childhood

A

more pronounced

32
Q

active - childhood

A

relatively weak

33
Q

passive - adolesence

A

less pronounced

34
Q

active - adolescence

A

increase

35
Q

passive - adulthood

A

fades entirely

36
Q

active - adulthood

A

most pronounced

37
Q

evocative

A

stable throughout life

38
Q

embryonic disk (inner layer)

A

will become an embryo

39
Q

outer layer

A

trophoblast provides nourishment and protects embryo

40
Q

embryonic disk layers

A

ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm

41
Q

ectoderm

A

skin, hair, nails, sensory and nervous systems

42
Q

mesoderm

A

muscular, reproductive, and circulatory

43
Q

conception

A

union of gametes

44
Q

Germinal period

A

first two weeks after conception

45
Q

What happens the first week of the germinal period?

A

rapid cell division
embryonic disk (inner layer) = will become embryo
outer layer = nourishes and protects

46
Q

What develops during the germinal period?

A

umbilical cord, placenta, amnion

47
Q

embryonic period

A

weeks 3-8 (weeks 5-8 of pregnancy)

48
Q

What develops during the embryonic period?

A

embryonic disk
nervous system
circulatory system
digestive system
lungs
skin
muscle

49
Q

What is developed at the end of the embryonic period?

A

main body parts
main organs
sexual differentiation

50
Q

Fetal period

A

week 9 (week 11 of pregnancy) to birth

51
Q

what is developed at the end of the fetal period?

A

genitals formed
fingernails, toenails, tastebuds
heartbeat heard through stethoscope

52
Q

1st trimester

A

weeks 9-12

53
Q

2nd trimester

A

weeks 13-24
Movement felt by mother (kicks, turns)
Breathes amniotic fluid, sucks thumb Responds to sounds

54
Q

3rd trimester

A

weeks 24-38
Lungs fully develop
Weight gain!
Brain development continues  sleep-wake
cycles like newborn
Awareness of external environment

55
Q

viability

A

ability to survive outside the womb

56
Q

whats the last major organ to develop?

A

the lungs

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