Eating disorders Flashcards
How are eating disorders defined in DSM-5-TR?
Persistent disturbances of eating or eating-related behaviors leading to altered food consumption or absorption, significantly impairing physical health or psychological functioning.
Is obesity considered a mental disorder in DSM-5-TR?
No
Pica
persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances
Rumination Dsdr
repeated regurgitation of food; may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out.
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Dsdr
lack of interest in eating or food based on its sensory characteristics or
concern about aversive consequences
What are the three essential features of Anorexia Nervosa?
Restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight.
Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat.
Disturbance in body weight perception, excessive influence of weight on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of low body weight.
Restricting Type
Weight loss primarily through dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise, without binge-eating or purging.
Binge-eating/Purging Type
Episodes of binge eating or purging (vomiting, laxative misuse, etc.).
What are the medical and psychological complications of Anorexia Nervosa?
Malnutrition affecting major organ systems, amenorrhea, bone density loss, vital sign abnormalities, depression, OCD traits, suicidal risk, and preoccupation with food.
What are the diagnostic criteria for Bulimia Nervosa?
Recurrent binge eating episodes
Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors
Occurs at least once a week for three months
How do the three major eating disorders relate to each other diagnostically?
They are mutually exclusive during a single episode—only one can be diagnosed at a time.
What is the typical prevalence and onset of Anorexia Nervosa?
0.6-0.8% lifetime prevalence in the U.S., much higher in women. Onset is usually adolescence or young adulthood.
What are the key criteria for Bulimia Nervosa?
Recurrent binge eating episodes, Inappropriate compensatory behaviors, Occurs at least once weekly for three months, Self-evaluation influenced by body weight and shape.
What differentiates Bulimia Nervosa from Anorexia Nervosa?
Individuals with Bulimia are usually of normal weight, while those with Anorexia have significantly low body weight.
What are common triggers and consequences of binge episodes in Bulimia Nervosa?
Episodes often involve forbidden foods, happen in secret, and lead to guilt, shame, and distress.
What is the prevalence and onset of Bulimia Nervosa?
0.28-1.0% lifetime prevalence in the U.S., much higher in women. Often starts after dieting and occurs in normal to overweight individuals.
What are complications associated with Bulimia Nervosa?
Menstrual irregularities, emotional distress, electrolyte imbalances, heart problems, dental damage, and increased suicide risk.
What are some risk factors for developing Bulimia Nervosa?
Low self-esteem, social anxiety, childhood abuse, early puberty, and thin body ideal.
What is the best treatment for Bulimia Nervosa?
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), sometimes combined with SSRIs.
What is Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and how is it different from Bulimia?
BED involves recurrent binge eating without compensatory behaviors like purging.
What are the prevalence and risk factors for BED?
2.8% lifetime prevalence (highest of all eating disorders). Higher risk in those experiencing food insecurity.
What are potential complications of BED?
Increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, joint pain, and depression.
What psychological theories explain eating disorders?
Hilde Bruch’s psychodynamic theory (control issues), cognitive distortions about body weight, and biological factors like genetic predisposition.
How does culture influence eating disorders?
Western beauty standards emphasizing thinness contribute to eating disorders, particularly in performers and athletes
What are some gender differences in eating disorders?
Men account for 25% of cases, with a focus on leanness and muscle gain rather than thinness.
What are the two main goals of eating disorder treatment?
Correct dangerous eating behaviors, Address psychological and environmental factors maintaining the disorder.
What are common treatment approaches for eating disorders?
Nutritional rehabilitation, therapy (CBT, family therapy), medical oversight, and sometimes medications like antidepressants.
