Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Classes > psych final > Flashcards

psych final Flashcards

1
Q

Four Revolutions – developed countries

A

Technology revolution
sexual revolution
Women’s movement
Youth movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Technology revolution

A

Manufacturing economy = knowledge
economy, requiring information and
technology skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sexual Revolution

A

FDA approval of birth control
pill
Shift in standards of sexual
morality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Women’s Movement

A

Expanded opportunities for
women
Role of women in society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Youth Movement

A

Change in how young people
view meaning and value of
adulthood and its roles
1950’s – eager to “settle down”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Five features of emerging adulthood

A
  1. Identity explorations
  2. Instability
  3. Self-focus
  4. Feeling in-between
  5. Possibilities/optimism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Europe

A

Longest emerging adulthood time
Age of marriage and parenthood around 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Asia

A

Capable of supporting parents financially as criteria
Identity exploration and self-development – within narrower
boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Developing countries - urban areas

A

Urban areas – more likely to experience emerging adulthood, access to more opportunities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Developing countries- rural areas

A

Rural areas – less school, marry earlier, limited occupation choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Erikson’s theory

A

identity vs. identity confusion =
crisis/challenge in adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What were the 3 theories Erickson had for identity formation?

A
  • assessing abilities and strengths
  • Identifications that have accumulated by modeling others (parents, friends,
    other people from childhood)
  • Assess opportunities available to them in society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

James Marcia - Identity Status Interview

A

Diffusion
 Moratorium
 Foreclosure
 Achievement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diffusion

A

No exploration, no commitment
Not attempting to try out
potential options, not trying to
make commitments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Moratorium

A

Exploration, but no commitment
 Trying out different possibilities/options
(personal, occupational, ideological)
 Which possibility best suits me?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Foreclosure

A

No exploration, but fully committed
 Parental influence
 Exploration is important, foreclosure not
healthiest status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Achievement

A

follows the period of moratorium
exploration + commitment
 Made definite choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Heightened awareness of ethnic identity

A

1.Assimilation
2. Marginalization
3. Separation
4. Biculturalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When do you feel more aware of ethnic identity?

A

Attending a PWI
 Being the only person of color in a workplace
 Being the only minority family in a neighborhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Having a strong ethnic identity related to:

A

Better overall well-being
 Academic achievement
 Lower rates of risk behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ethnic-racial socialization

A

Parental communication of specific values, standards, skills, etc. for specific racial/ethnic group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

“Protective” socialization:

A

Preparation for bias
Cultural socialization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cultural socialization

A

each children about positive, traditional, and cultural
aspects of their group (cultural pride)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

preparation for bias

A

explicitly teach children about discrimination their group
experiences and how to deal with it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

“Detrimental” socialization:

A

Preparation for mistrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Preparation for mistrust

A

explicitly telling children not to trust other ethnic/racial
groups because they are a threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Children begin making assumptions about race before age?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Racist attitudes are thought to solidify around age

A

9 or 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Recentering

A

shift in emerging adulthood from living with family (geographically,
socially, and emotionally) and moving toward long-term partnership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a major component of romantic relationships?

A

Intimacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Cohabitating

A

Common in US, Canada, and northern European countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Do you think US couples that live together before marriage are more or less likely to get divorced?

A

more likely
Adults who cohabitate tend to be at higher risk for divorce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

sexuality in emerging adults

A

Have higher rates of hooking up compared to older adults
Contraceptive use high but inconsistent
Premarital sex rates highest in Australia, Canada, the United States, and Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Substages of Late Adulthood

A

Young-old
Old-old
Oldest old

35
Q

What age is young old?

A

60-74

36
Q

What age is old-old?

A

74-84

37
Q

What age is oldest old?

A

85 and up

38
Q

What group is more likely to have difficulty with activities of daily living?

A

oldest old

39
Q

Functional age

A

represents competence
and performance of older adults
(compared to chronological age)
ex - An 80 year old with a functional age of 70

40
Q

Primary aging

A

inevitable, biological
aging that takes place in all humans
ex - graying, wrinkling, declining height

41
Q

Secondary aging

A

decline in physical
functioning due to lifestyle behaviors

42
Q

Changes in Vision

A

Reduced visual acuity
Cataracts most common visual
impairment
Lens gets thicker = vision gets
cloudy and distorted

43
Q

Changes in Hearing

A

Acuity diminishes for high-pitched sounds
May develop tinnitus = hearing a ringing or buzzing sound with no external source
Hearing loss associated with loneliness and depression
Negative effect on social functioning – conversations are strenuous and stressful

44
Q

successful aging

A

New and more positive perspective on aging
1.Maintaining physical health
2. Maintaining cognitive functioning
3. Continued engagement

45
Q

a nutritious diet

A

Slows down primary aging
 Enhances immune system

46
Q

risk for disease and illness
increases

A

increases with age

47
Q

Movement/exercise

A

Lowers risk of disease
 Increases muscle and bone mass
 Slows primary aging

48
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

Enhances respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems

49
Q

Strength training

A

Builds muscle and bone mass, can make daily tasks/activities easier

50
Q

Procedural memory

A

– relatively little decline

51
Q

Semantic memory

A

– slower decline
Frequency of tip-of-the-tongue
phenomenon – people’s names

52
Q

episodic/autobiographical memory

A

Substantial declines
Better memory for events from long, long ago
Harder time with recent events

53
Q

Reminiscence bump

A

better recall (more vivid, more detail) for personal events
from age 10 to 30 compared to recall for events from age 30 to 50

54
Q

When does the brain start to shrink?

A

Late adulthood around 30 and accelerates around 60

55
Q

What does the brain shrinking entail?

A

brain mass declines
spaces within the brain increase

56
Q

What parts of the brain are affected by brain shrinking?

A

hippocampus, cerebellum, frontal lobe

57
Q

Brain changes caused by primary aging…

A

can be exacerbated by secondary aging

58
Q

There is a decline in which neurotransmitters?

A

Acetylcholine
dopamine

59
Q

acetylcholine

A

memory function

60
Q

dopamine

A

movement and motor coordination

61
Q

What are you at a risk for with a loss of dopamine?

A

Parkinsons disease

62
Q

When is there an increase in risk for dementia?

A

Late adulthood

63
Q

Most common type of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s
Pattern of structural decline in the
brain

64
Q

Earliest symptom of Alzheimer’s

A

loss of memory for recent events and
familiar names and tasks

65
Q

Alzheimer’s progression

A

Memory for recent events affected first, then earlier events and people are forgotten and then decline into unawareness – of people, places, events

66
Q

Alzheimer’s progression- personality changes

A

more anxious and aggressive, lower interest in previously
enjoyed activities

67
Q

Frontal lobe is affected =

A

harder time inhibiting behaviors

68
Q

Later stages of Alzheimers

A

ability to speak and control bodily functions is lost

69
Q

Buildup of amyloid plaques

A

deposits of amyloid beta (a protein) and clumps of dead neurons
Brain is supposed to clear out amyloid beta, but does not

70
Q

Development of neurofibrillary tangles

A

bundles of twisted fibers that appear
within neurons

71
Q

What is thought to be a contributor of amyloid buildup?

A

Genetic risk/mutations
issues with protein processing
chronic inflammation
dysfunction of microglia (disposal of waste)

72
Q

What is thought to be a contributor of neurofibrillary tangles?

A

Genetic risk
cellular stress and damage interaction with amyloid beta

73
Q

Factors influencing Alzheimer’s risk

A

Genetics – ApoE gene = higher risk
Gene X Environment

74
Q

ApoE gene + diet high in fat and sugar=

A

more likely to develop disease

75
Q

ApoE gene + low-fat diet =

A

less likely to develop disease

76
Q

Lifestyle factors for Alzheimers

A

Maintain cognitive engagement in late adulthood – acts as “exercise for the brain”

77
Q

Education in emerging adulthood…

A

predicts synaptic density in older adulthood

78
Q

Why can education predict Alzheimer’s?

A

People with more education typically have jobs that are more cognitively
challenging

79
Q

Treatment

A

No cure
 Medication to limit loss of ACh
 Lots of research on new treatments is ongoing

80
Q

marginalization

A

when kids experience a sense of rejection from the majority culture
don’t 100% identify or align with their parents culture

81
Q

marginalization

A

when kids experience a sense of rejection from the majority culture
don’t 100% identify or align with their parents culture

82
Q

separation

A

you remove yourself from American culture and hone into your home culture

83
Q

biculturalism

A

dual identity

Classes (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions